Albania

Albania's Unique Permit for Digital Mobile Workers enables foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients outside Albania to reside legally in the country. The program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed individuals whose work is primarily conducted using information technology tools. Albania was among the first Western Balkan countries to formally legislate a dedicated digital nomad residence category. A key benefit is a 12-month exemption from tax residency classification, introduced in May 2023.

## Requirements

- Valid employment contract with a foreign employer, service contract with a foreign contractor, or client contract for a specific remote project
- Work must be performed remotely using information technology tools for entities outside Albania
- Financial self-sufficiency demonstrated through bank statements from the preceding 6 months
- Health insurance valid in Albania with minimum coverage of EUR 30,000
- Albanian bank account at a second-tier bank for salary transfers
- Proof of accommodation in Albania (minimum 20 square metres per person)
- Clean criminal record certificate covering the past 5 years
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required

## Required Documents

- Valid passport with at least 15 months remaining validity
- Coloured passport photograph
- Employment, service, or client contract with a foreign entity
- Diploma or certificate proving professional capacity (translated into Albanian)
- Bank statements from the preceding 6 months
- Proof of accommodation in Albania
- Evidence of an Albanian bank account
- Health insurance policy (minimum EUR 30,000 coverage)
- Clean criminal record certificate for the past 5 years (authenticated and translated)

## Duration & Renewal

The permit follows a 1+1+5 year format: one year for the first issuance, renewable for another year, then eligible for a five-year permit from the third year onward. Renewal applications must be submitted 60 days before the current permit expires. The renewal review takes 21 working days, and applicants must confirm continuity of residence, absence of tax debts, and a valid employment or service contract. After 5 consecutive years of legal residence, holders may apply for permanent residency. Citizenship eligibility arises after 7 years of total legal residence.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children under 18 may apply for family reunification. The main applicant must hold a residence permit valid for at least one year with renewal capability. Additional requirements include proof of adequate housing, health insurance coverage for all dependants, and sufficient financial means to support the family. The income requirement increases for each additional family member.

## Tax Implications

Digital nomad workers who work remotely in Albania are not classified as tax residents for the first 12 months, providing a full tax exemption during that period. After the exemption expires, individuals spending more than 183 days per year in Albania become tax residents. Self-employment income is taxed at 0% up to ALL 14 million annually (until 31 December 2029), 15% above that threshold, and 23% above a higher bracket. Hiring or contracting digital nomads does not create tax residency, corporate tax liability, or permanent establishment risk for foreign employers.

## Application Process

Applicants who require a visa first apply for a Type D long-term visa through the Albanian e-Visa portal (e-visa.al). Citizens of visa-free countries (including Schengen area, EU, US, and UK nationals) may enter Albania without a visa and stay for up to 90 days, during which they can apply directly for the Unique Permit through the e-Albania portal.

The application is fully online. After approval, applicants must submit original documentation at the Regional Directorate of Border and Migration within 30 days. A provisional permit is issued within 5 days in electronic format.

**Processing time:** Up to 12 weeks legally, though some applicants report decisions in 2-6 weeks.

**Fee:** Based on reciprocity -- the applicant pays the equivalent of what an Albanian citizen would pay for a similar visa in the applicant's country. Payment must be made online within 15 days of submission.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities located outside Albania. Performing work for Albanian-based employers or clients is strictly prohibited. If the actual work performed does not match the declared activity, the residence permit will be cancelled.

## Absence & Travel Rules

Permit holders may stay outside Albania for up to 180 days, provided they notify the police in advance. Work permits expire if the holder departs Albania for more than 6 months or remains inactive for more than 3 months. There is a 15-day grace period after visa expiry before overstay penalties apply.

Spouse and dependent children under 18 may apply for family reunification. Requires adequate housing, health insurance for all dependants, and sufficient financial means.

1 year initial permit, renewable in a 1+1+5 format. After two one-year terms, eligible for a five-year permit. Permanent residency available after 5 consecutive years.

No explicit statutory minimum income. Applicants must demonstrate financial self-sufficiency through bank statements and employment contracts.

Albania e-Visa Portal

Ministry of Interior - Residence & Unique Permit Procedures

Law No. 79/2021 "On Aliens" (English Translation)

Unique Permit for Digital Mobile Workers

Andorra

Andorra's Digital Nomad Residence Permit (*Residència per a nòmada digital*) allows remote workers to live in the Principality while working for employers or clients located outside the country. Created by Law 42/2022 and operational since mid-2023, the program targets three profiles: employees of foreign companies, freelancers serving non-Andorran clients, and professionals holding stakes in companies established abroad. A key advantage is exemption from the deposit with the Andorran Financial Authority (AFA) required for other passive residence categories, and no obligation to contribute to the social security system (CASS). The annual quota is limited to 50 digital nomad permits.

## Requirements

- Work must be performed remotely using telecommunications and technology
- Work must not require a specific geographic location
- At least 85% of turnover must originate from outside Andorra
- Minimum income of approximately €4,342/month (3x Andorran minimum wage), plus ~€1,447/month per dependant
- Private health and disability insurance covering Andorra for all applicants and dependants
- Proof of housing in Andorra (ownership or rental contract)
- Commitment to reside in Andorra for at least 90 days per year
- Criminal record certificates from country of origin, nationality, and all countries of residence (max 3 months old, apostilled)
- Favorable qualification resolution from the Ministry of Economy

## Required Documents

**Stage 1 — Ministry of Economy qualification:**
- Application form (*Declaració jurada de persona física estrangera nòmada digital*)
- Valid passport or national ID
- Sworn declaration confirming remote work capability

**Stage 2 — Immigration Department residence authorization:**
- Residence authorization application form
- Valid passport (original and copy)
- Criminal record certificates (apostilled, max 3 months old)
- Sworn criminal record declaration
- Recent color photograph (35×45 mm, white background)
- Favorable Ministry of Economy resolution
- Proof of housing in Andorra
- Civil status documentation (if applicable)
- Proof of economic means
- Health and disability insurance documentation
- Parish registration form (*Diligència d'inscripció al comú*)
- Medical examination consent form

## Duration & Renewal

The initial permit is valid for 2 years. Renewals follow a progressive pattern: 2 years for the first renewal, 3 years for the second, and 10 years for subsequent renewals. Starting from 2029, Catalan language proficiency will be required for renewals — A1 level for the first renewal and A2 for the second.

## Family Members

Spouses (including registered civil partners) and minor children may accompany the main applicant. Family reunification is available after the main applicant has resided in Andorra for at least 3 months. Each dependant requires proof of the family relationship, individual health insurance, a criminal record certificate (for adults), and a residence card fee of approximately €500. The income threshold increases by one minimum wage (~€1,447/month) per dependant.

## Tax Implications

Holders who meet tax residency requirements become subject to Andorra's personal income tax (IRPF). Rates are: 0% on the first €24,000, 5% between €24,000 and €40,000, and 10% above €40,000. Savings income is exempt up to €3,000, then taxed at 10%. No social security (CASS) contributions are required. Tax returns must be filed annually between 1 April and 30 September. Note that the 90-day Andorran stay requirement alone may not break tax residency in your home country.

## Application Process

The application follows a two-stage procedure:

1. **Ministry of Economy qualification** — Submit online via the e-tramits.ad portal. The Ministry has 15 working days to issue a resolution. This stage is free of charge.
2. **Immigration Department residence authorization** — Submit in person by prior appointment at the Immigration Department. Processing takes up to 2 months. The immigration fee is €224.61, plus a residence card fee of approximately €500 per person.

Total processing time is approximately 2.5–3 months. Andorra is not part of the EU or Schengen Area, so non-EU nationals may need a Schengen visa to transit through France or Spain.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities or clients located outside Andorra. Work for Andorran companies or local clients is not permitted. At least 85% of turnover must originate from outside the Principality.

Spouses and minor children may be included. Family reunification available after 3 months of residence.

2 years initial, renewable for 2 years, then 3 years, then 10 years

At least 3 times the Andorran minimum wage (~€4,342/month in 2025), plus one additional minimum wage (~€1,447/month) per dependant

Government Program Page

Digital Nomad Qualification Application

Residence Authorization Application

Digital Nomad Residence Permit

Andorra's Passive Residency allows non-EU nationals to reside in Andorra without working through investment in Andorran assets. Requires €600,000 investment in real estate, Andorran companies, or government bonds. Andorra offers low taxes (max 10% income tax), no inheritance tax, and high quality of life in the Pyrenees mountains.

## Requirements

- €600,000 investment in qualifying Andorran assets
- €50,000 non-interest bearing deposit with AFA
- Health and disability insurance in Andorra
- Clean criminal record
- Minimum 90 days per year in Andorra
- Proof of income to support yourself without working

## Restrictions

- Cannot work in Andorra (passive residence only)
- Must maintain investment during permit validity
- Must spend minimum 90 days annually in Andorra
- Long path to permanent residence (20 years standard)

## Processing

**Processing time:** 3-6 months

**Fee:** Application fees apply + investment

Apply through Andorran Immigration Service

Spouse and dependent children can be included with additional deposit

2-year residence, renewable. Permanent residence after 20 years. Can reduce to 10 years with Catalan integration

€600,000 investment in Andorran assets (real estate, company shares, or government debt). Plus €50,000 deposit with AFA (financial authority). Additional €10,000 per dependent

Andorra Immigration

Passive Residency Program

Anguilla

The Work from Anguilla Certificate allows remote workers, freelancers, entrepreneurs, and online students to reside in this British Overseas Territory for up to 12 months. Launched in August 2020 under the "Lose The Crowd. Find Yourself." tourism initiative, the programme is administered by the Anguilla Tourist Board. Anguilla does not levy personal income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, or corporate tax, making it an attractive destination for remote workers. For stays of 90 days or fewer, remote workers can use a standard tourist visa without needing this certificate.

## Requirements

- Remote employment with an employer outside Anguilla, self-employment with clients outside Anguilla, business ownership registered outside Anguilla, or university enrolment outside Anguilla
- Valid passport with at least 6 months validity beyond planned departure
- Health insurance covering medical costs, prescriptions, and air ambulance services in Anguilla
- Certified criminal background check no older than 6 months (for all applicants aged 18+)
- Accommodation confirmation in Anguilla
- All income must be sourced entirely from outside Anguilla

## Required Documents

- Completed application form
- Valid passport (bio page copy)
- Proof of remote employment (contract or employer letter), business registration, or university enrolment
- Health insurance certificate covering Anguilla
- Certified criminal background check (max 6 months old, for applicants 18+)
- Birth certificate copy
- Brief description of work to be performed
- Proof of relationship to dependants (marriage/birth certificates) if applicable
- Accommodation confirmation
- Return transportation details

## Duration & Renewal

The certificate is valid from 91 days to 12 months from the date of issuance. It cannot be extended or renewed — a fresh application with full documentation and fees is required for stays beyond the initial period.

## Family Members

Spouses and children or step-children under age 26 may be included. The family fee of USD 3,000 covers the primary applicant plus up to 3 dependants (4 persons total). Each additional dependant beyond 4 costs USD 250. All dependants must submit individual applications with supporting documentation.

## Tax Implications

Anguilla does not levy personal income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, estate tax, or corporate tax. Certificate holders are not subject to any local income tax during their stay and are not required to contribute to Anguilla's Social Security system. Customs duties may apply to imported personal effects.

## Application Process

Apply online through the I Visit Anguilla portal (ivisitanguilla.com) or the Government eVisa portal (evisa.gov.ai). The process involves creating an account, selecting the "Work from Anguilla" option, uploading required documents, and paying the fee. Processing takes 7–14 business days. The fee is USD 2,000 per individual or student, USD 3,000 per family of up to 4 persons. Fees are non-refundable regardless of outcome.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may not offer services to, accept employment from, or derive income from any Anguillan entity. All income must be sourced entirely from outside Anguilla.

Spouse and children/step-children under age 26. Family fee of $3,000 covers up to 4 persons; $250 per additional dependant.

91 days to 12 months. Cannot be extended; a new application is required for continued stay.

No official minimum income requirement specified

Work from Anguilla Program

Anguilla eVisa Portal

Entry Requirements

Work from Anguilla Certificate

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda's Citizenship by Investment Program (CIP), established in 2013, offers citizenship through investment in approved real estate, business, or contribution to the National Development Fund. Citizens enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 150 countries including the UK and Schengen Area. No residency requirements beyond 5 days in 5 years.

## Requirements

- Clean criminal record
- Good health
- High personal net worth
- Source of funds documentation
- Due diligence checks
- 5-day residency requirement within 5 years of citizenship

## Restrictions

- Due diligence fees apply per applicant
- Cannot have been denied visa to country with which Antigua has visa-free travel
- Must maintain investment for required holding period

## Processing

**Processing time:** 3-6 months

**Fee:** Due diligence: $7,500 main applicant, $4,000 spouse, $2,000 dependents

Application through licensed agent. Includes background checks and due diligence

Spouse, children under 30, parents over 55, and siblings 18-30 can be included

Citizenship for life. Passport valid for 5 years, renewable

National Development Fund contribution from $230,000 (family of 4), or real estate investment from $300,000, or business investment from $1.5M. University of West Indies Fund option available for families with 6+ members at $260,000

Antigua CIP Official

Citizenship by Investment Program

Antigua and Barbuda's Nomad Digital Residence offers a special-resident authorization for remote workers and digital nomads. The program allows eligible foreigners to live and work remotely from Antigua and Barbuda for up to two years without paying local income tax.

## Requirements

- Must be over 18 years old
- Self-employed or employed by a company registered outside Antigua and Barbuda
- Annual income of at least USD $50,000
- Clean criminal record
- Valid passport
- Passport photo (2 x 2 inches) for each applicant
- Medical insurance coverage for the period of intended stay in Antigua
- Police clearance for each applicant over the age of 16

## Restrictions

- Cannot be employed by local Antigua and Barbuda companies
- Must work remotely for companies outside Antigua and Barbuda or be self-employed

## Processing

**Processing time:** 5-7 business days

**Fee:** USD $1,500 for single applicant

Applications submitted through https://antiguanomadresidence.com. Applicants receive decision via email within 5-7 business days

Family members can be included in the application

Minimum annual income of USD $50,000 per year (or equivalent in other currencies) required for each year of the 2-year period

Official Nomad Digital Residence Portal

Nomad Digital Residence

Argentina

Argentina's Digital Nomad Transitory Residence (*Residencia Transitoria para Nómadas Digitales*) allows foreign nationals to live in Argentina while working remotely for employers or clients located outside the country. Launched in May 2022, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed professionals who earn their income from foreign-domiciled entities through digital means. Unlike many comparable programs, Argentina does not impose a formal minimum income threshold.

## Requirements

- Must be a national of a country that does not require a tourist visa for Argentina (approximately 80 nationalities, including US, Canada, UK, EU, and Australia)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months validity and one blank page
- Remote work must be performed for entities or individuals domiciled outside Argentina
- Supporting documentation of remote work activity (employment contract, company endorsement letter, income receipts, or professional certifications)
- Brief curriculum vitae showing professional experience and education level
- Signed application letter describing remote work activities
- Recent 4×4 cm photograph (white background)
- All foreign-language documents must include certified Spanish translation

## Required Documents

- Signed application letter with personal data and description of remote work
- Brief curriculum vitae
- Valid passport (minimum 6 months validity)
- Recent 4×4 cm photograph (white background)
- Proof of remote work activity (at least one of: employment contract, company endorsement letter, income receipts, professional certifications)
- For extension: Argentine criminal record certificate (ages 16+), proof of domicile, proof of income received during initial period
- Foreign criminal clearance certificates (if stay exceeds 6 months, from countries of residence in the past 3 years)

## Duration & Renewal

The initial residence is valid for up to 180 days. A single extension of 180 days may be granted (360 days maximum). To qualify for the extension, you must have remained in Argentina for at least 50% of the initial period (minimum 90 days) and provide proof of income received during that time. The visa does not lead to temporary or permanent residency.

## Tax Implications

Holders with transitory residence are generally considered non-residents for income tax purposes and are taxed only on Argentine-source income, not on foreign-source income. However, spending more than 12 consecutive months in Argentina may trigger tax residency. VAT (IVA) applies to local purchases of goods and services.

## Application Process

There are two main pathways:

1. **TIE 24H (online)** — Upload documents electronically at migraciones.gob.ar and receive entry authorization by email within 10–15 business days. Migration fee: 120 unidades consulares. Present the authorization at immigration upon arrival.
2. **Argentine consulate** — Submit scanned documents by email, pay the migration fee (USD 120) and consular fee (USD 80), and attend a consular interview. Apply at least 45 days before planned travel.

Applicants already in Argentina can apply in person at the Dirección Nacional de Migraciones offices.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities or individuals domiciled outside Argentina. Any local employment or service provision to Argentine companies or clients is prohibited.

No provisions for dependant sponsorship. Family members must apply for their own visa category independently.

Up to 180 days initially, extendable once for an additional 180 days (360 days maximum)

No official minimum income threshold. Must demonstrate active remote work through contracts, income receipts, or employer endorsements.

Digital Nomad Residence Service Page

Electronic Entry Processing (TIE 24H)

Migration Fee Schedule

Digital Nomad Transitory Residence

Armenia

Armenia offers a 1-year renewable temporary residence permit that functions as a digital nomad visa. Citizens of 113 countries can enter visa-free for up to 180 days per year. The permit requires registration as a sole proprietor and offers a path to citizenship after 3 years. Low tax rates include 5% on dividends and no capital gains tax.

## Requirements

- Valid passport
- Remote work as freelancer or business owner
- Must register as sole proprietor in Armenia
- Medical check certificate
- Armenian tax ID required

## Restrictions

- Must register as sole proprietor
- Tax advantages: 5% on dividends, 10% on interest income, no capital gains tax

## Processing

**Processing time:** Varies

**Fee:** AMD 105,000 (~USD )

First register as sole proprietor and obtain Armenian tax ID. Fee: 105,000 AMD (~ USD) for temporary residence

Family members including spouses, children, siblings, and grandparents eligible

1 year temporary residence permit, renewable annually. Path to citizenship after 3 years

No minimum income requirement. No bank statements required

Armenia Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Visa

Temporary Residence Permit (Digital Nomad)

Aruba

The One Happy Workation is Aruba's remote work program, launched in September 2020 by the Aruba Tourism Authority. It allows remote workers, digital nomads, and self-employed professionals to live on the island while continuing to work for employers or clients located outside of Aruba. The program does not create a new visa category -- it operates within Aruba's existing immigration framework, meaning there is no separate application process or program-specific fee. It is primarily marketed to US nationals, though citizens of other visa-exempt countries (including Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Schengen Area members) may also participate.

## Requirements

- Must be employed by a company or self-employed with a business outside of Aruba
- All remote work must be for entities located outside Aruba
- Valid passport for the duration of stay (recommended 6 months validity beyond departure, not more than 10 years old)
- Proof of sufficient financial means (USD 150-200 per person per day for hotel stays, or USD 100 per person per day when staying with family or friends)
- Valid health or travel insurance with minimum USD 15,000 medical coverage
- Proof of return or onward transportation
- Proof of accommodation (hotel booking, rental agreement, or property ownership)
- Primarily available to US nationals; citizens of other visa-exempt countries should verify their eligibility and maximum stay with DIMAS

## Required Documents

- Valid passport
- Completed and approved online ED Card (submitted within 7 days before travel at edcardaruba.aw)
- Proof of return or onward ticket
- Proof of accommodation
- Proof of sufficient financial means (bank statements)
- Valid health/travel insurance with minimum USD 15,000 coverage
- Yellow Fever vaccination certificate if arriving from an endemic country

## Duration & Renewal

The minimum recommended stay is 1 week. US nationals may stay up to 90 days without requesting an extension. Other nationalities receive a standard 30-day admission, which can be extended through DIMAS. The total tourist stay cannot exceed 180 days per calendar year for any nationality.

The program does not offer a formal renewal. Participants must depart before their maximum allowed stay expires. US nationals may apply to DIMAS for an extension beyond 90 days (up to 180 days per calendar year) if they own property in Aruba or have a local guarantor.

## Family Members

Family members may accompany the primary participant under the same tourist admission rules. Each person, including infants, must have their own valid passport and completed ED Card. Children under 12 travelling with a parent or guardian are exempt from visa requirements if the parent is visa-exempt. No separate dependant permit, additional fees, or specific income requirements apply beyond the standard per-person financial means requirement.

## Tax Implications

Participants are not considered tax residents of Aruba and are not subject to Aruba income tax during their stay, provided their income is sourced entirely from outside Aruba. Persons staying 90 days or fewer under this program and earning no Aruba-source income have no Aruba tax liability.

## Application Process

The One Happy Workation has a simplified entry process with no separate visa application:

1. Choose a participating accommodation and book a workation package (over 30 properties are available, from boutique hotels and major resorts to private villas)
2. Complete the online Embarkation and Disembarkation (ED) Card at edcardaruba.aw within 7 days of departure, selecting "One Happy Workation" as the purpose of visit
3. Pay the USD 20 Sustainability Fee during ED Card completion (applies to all non-resident air arrivals; children under 8 are exempt)
4. Upon arrival, present your documents to the immigration officer for admission

No additional application forms, processing wait time, or program-specific fees are required beyond the USD 20 Sustainability Fee.

## Employment Restrictions

Participants may not work for or receive income from any Aruban company or individual. A separate work permit from DIMAS is required for local employment. All remote work must be performed for entities located outside Aruba.

## Practical Information

- Participating accommodations include properties from Hilton, Marriott, Hyatt, and Ritz-Carlton, as well as private villas and condominiums
- Packages may include special rates, complimentary Wi-Fi, breakfast, and access to local experiences
- Coworking spaces are available on the island, including Impact Hub, Workspace (in Oranjestad), and Piso3
- Amounts exceeding USD 11,000 must be declared to customs upon entry and exit
- The program does not provide a path to permanent residency

Family members may accompany the primary participant under the same tourist admission rules. Each person, including infants, must have their own valid passport and completed ED Card.

Minimum stay of 1 week. US nationals may stay up to 90 days without an extension. Other nationalities receive 30 days, extendable to 90 or 180 days. Total stay cannot exceed 180 days per calendar year.

No specific minimum income requirement. General entry requires proof of sufficient financial means: USD 150-200 per person per day for hotel stays, or USD 100 per person per day when staying with family or friends.

One Happy Workation Official Page

Immigration Regulations & Entry Requirements

Online ED Card

DIMAS - Immigration Authority

One Happy Workation

Australia

Australia's Business Innovation and Investment (Provisional) visa (subclass 188) is for business owners, investors, and entrepreneurs who want to establish, develop, and manage a new or existing business in Australia. The Business Innovation stream is designed for people with business skills who want to establish, develop and manage a new or existing business in Australia.

## Requirements

- Business Innovation stream: Under 55 years (can be waived by states for exceptional benefit)
- Score at least 65 points on business innovation points test
- Net business and personal assets of AUD $1.5M+ for past 2 years
- Ownership in business with AUD $750,000+ turnover in 2 of last 4 years
- State or territory nomination
- Genuine intention to establish/manage business in Australia
- Meet health and character requirements

## Restrictions

- Must reside in nominating state/territory
- Must operate qualifying business to transition to permanent visa
- Cannot access certain social services
- Must meet business benchmarks for permanent visa

## Processing

**Processing time:** 12-24 months

**Fee:** AUD $6,085 primary applicant + family fees

Apply through SkillSelect after state nomination. Processing times vary significantly

Spouse/partner and dependent children included in application

5-year provisional visa. After meeting business requirements, can apply for permanent Business Innovation visa (subclass 888)

Business Innovation stream: AUD $1.5M+ in net business and personal assets (varies by state). Must have business turnover of AUD $750,000+ in 2 of last 4 years

Australian Government - Business Innovation Visa

Business Innovation and Investment Visa (subclass 188)

Australia's Global Talent Visa is designed to attract highly skilled professionals in target sectors including tech, health, fintech, agri-food, and energy. It provides a fast-track pathway to permanent residency for individuals who are internationally recognized with evidence of exceptional and outstanding achievement. A nominator in Australia is required.

## Requirements

- Internationally recognized with evidence of exceptional achievement in a target sector
- Target sectors: Resources, Agri-food and AgTech, Energy, Health Industries, Defence/Advanced Manufacturing/Space, Circular Economy, DigiTech, Infrastructure/Tourism, Financial Services/FinTech, Education
- Ability to earn above the Fair Work high income threshold (or recent PhD/Masters graduate)
- Nomination by an Australian citizen, permanent resident, eligible NZ citizen, or Australian organization in same field
- Still prominent in field of expertise
- Ability to find employment or establish in Australia
- Meet health and character requirements

## Restrictions

- Must be working in one of the 10 target sectors
- Must have a valid nominator in Australia
- Cannot change target sector after application

## Processing

**Processing time:** 1-6 months

**Fee:** AUD $4,640 primary applicant + additional fees for family members

Priority processing for exceptional candidates. Two-stage process: Expression of Interest (EOI) then visa application

Spouse/partner and dependent children can be included. All receive permanent residency

Permanent residency granted immediately upon visa approval

Must demonstrate ability to earn at least the Fair Work high income threshold (AUD $167,500/year) OR be a recent PhD/Masters graduate in a target sector

Australian Government - Global Talent Visa

Global Talent Visa (subclass 858)

Austria

Austria offers a residence permit for financially independent persons who can support themselves without employment. Subject to strict annual quotas and one of the most demanding systems in Europe. Applicants must prove substantial financial resources and comprehensive health insurance.

## Requirements

- Proof of sufficient passive income or financial resources
- Comprehensive health insurance covering Austria
- Proof of accommodation in Austria (owned or rented)
- Clean criminal record
- Basic German language skills (A1 level for initial application)
- Valid passport
- Must apply within annual quota allocation

## Restrictions

- Cannot engage in any employment in Austria
- Subject to annual quotas - limited number available
- Must integrate (German language, civic knowledge)
- Must maintain financial requirements throughout stay

## Processing

**Processing time:** 3-6 months

**Fee:** Approximately €150-200 application fee

Apply at Austrian embassy/consulate or, if legally in Austria, at MA 35 (Vienna) or district authority

Family members can be included but subject to same quota system and requirements

Initial 1-year permit, renewable. Permanent residence (Daueraufenthalt-EU) after 5 years

Sufficient funds to support yourself without employment. Generally €2,500+/month for single person, more for families. Must prove passive income or substantial savings

Austrian Migration Portal

Residence Permit (Independent Means)

Austria's Job Seeker Visa allows highly qualified third-country nationals to search for employment in Austria. Based on the Red-White-Red Card points system, applicants must score at least 70 points based on qualifications, work experience, language skills, and age. Upon finding qualifying employment, holders can apply for the Red-White-Red Card work permit.

## Requirements

- University degree (Bachelor's or higher) or comparable qualification
- Minimum 70 points under Red-White-Red Card criteria
- Points awarded for: qualifications (up to 30 pts), work experience (up to 20 pts), language skills German/English (up to 15 pts), age under 35 (up to 20 pts), previous study in Austria (up to 10 pts)
- Proof of sufficient funds for stay
- Valid passport
- Health insurance covering Austria
- Proof of accommodation

## Restrictions

- Cannot work during job search period
- Must find qualifying employment within 6 months
- Job offer must meet minimum salary threshold for Red-White-Red Card
- Subject to annual quotas

## Processing

**Processing time:** 2-4 months

**Fee:** Approximately €150-200

Apply at Austrian embassy/consulate in country of residence

Family members cannot accompany during job search period. Can bring family once Red-White-Red Card is granted

6 months to search for employment. Can convert to Red-White-Red Card once job offer is secured

Must prove sufficient funds to cover living expenses during job search period. No fixed minimum but typically €1,200-1,500/month recommended

Austrian Migration Portal - Red-White-Red Card

Job Seeker Visa (Red-White-Red Card)

Bahamas

The Bahamas Extended Access Travel Stay (BEATS) is a one-year residency permit that allows foreign professionals and students to live in The Bahamas while working or studying remotely for employers, clients, or institutions located outside the country. Launched in October 2020 by the Ministry of Tourism and Aviation, the program targets remote workers and remote students who want to enjoy island life while maintaining their careers abroad. Holders are prohibited from engaging in any local employment.

**Important:** In early 2022, the Ministry of Immigration suspended the BEATS program. No formal reinstatement has been announced, though the official website remains online. Prospective applicants should verify current program status with the Department of Immigration before applying.

## Requirements

- Must be a remote worker employed by a company outside The Bahamas, a self-employed professional working remotely, or a student enrolled in an accredited institution studying remotely
- Must demonstrate sufficient financial resources to support yourself and any dependants
- Cannot engage in any gainful employment within The Bahamas
- Citizens of the USA, Canada, EU member states, and Britain do not require a separate travel visa to enter
- Nationals of other countries should confirm entry requirements with the nearest Bahamas consulate

## Required Documents

- Valid passport (colour copy of data page for applicant and all dependants)
- Proof of medical/health insurance covering The Bahamas
- **For remote workers:** Job letter from current employer or proof of self-employment
- **For remote students:** Student ID or evidence of enrolment in an accredited institution, plus proof of sufficient funds for living expenses and return travel

## Duration & Renewal

The BEATS permit is valid for 12 months from the date of issue. It can be renewed annually, with a maximum total stay of up to 3 years. Renewal requires submitting a new application.

## Family Members

Spouse and children may be included in the BEATS application. Each dependant requires:

- A valid passport and proof of medical/health insurance
- USD 25 application fee and USD 500 permit fee per dependant (USD 525 total)
- Dependants are subject to the same prohibition on local employment

Married couples where both partners work remotely must each submit separate BEATS applications. Only one spouse needs to apply on behalf of shared dependants (children).

## Tax Implications

The Bahamas has no personal income tax, no capital gains tax, no inheritance tax, and no wealth tax. Foreign-sourced income earned by BEATS holders is not taxed in The Bahamas. Standard Value Added Tax (VAT) at 10% applies on local purchases of goods and services. Holders remain subject to the tax obligations of their home country.

## Fees

| Category | Application Fee | Permit Fee | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remote worker (individual) | USD 25 | USD 1,000 | USD 1,025 |
| Remote worker (each dependant) | USD 25 | USD 500 | USD 525 |
| Remote student (individual) | USD 25 | USD 500 | USD 525 |

All fees are denominated in Bahamian dollars (BSD), pegged 1:1 to the US dollar.

## Application Process

The application is entirely online and follows four steps:

1. Complete the online BEATS application form at portal.immigration.gov.bs and pay the USD 25 application fee per person
2. A Department of Immigration officer reviews the application within approximately 5 business days
3. Upon approval, you receive an email with payment instructions for the permit fee
4. After payment is processed, you receive an electronic QR code confirmation to present upon arrival in The Bahamas

All enquiries can be directed to immigrationbeats@bahamas.gov.bs.

## Path to Residency

The BEATS permit does not lead to permanent residency or citizenship. Permanent residency requires a separate application with a minimum investment.

Spouse and children may be included in the application. Each dependant pays a USD 25 application fee and USD 500 permit fee.

12 months from date of issue, renewable annually for a maximum total stay of up to 3 years.

No specific minimum income threshold. Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial resources to support themselves and any dependants during their stay.

BEATS - How It Works

BEATS - FAQs

BEATS - Working Remote

Department of Immigration - BEATS Press Release

Bahamas Extended Access Travel Stay (BEATS)

Barbados

The Barbados Welcome Stamp is a remote work visa that allows foreign nationals to live in Barbados and work remotely for employers or clients based outside the country for up to 12 months. Launched in July 2020, the programme targets remote workers, digital nomads, freelancers, and entrepreneurs whose income is earned from outside Barbados. The programme has been extended until at least 31 December 2026.

## Requirements

- Valid passport for the applicant and all accompanying family members
- Annual income of at least USD 50,000, or sufficient means to support yourself and dependants
- Valid health insurance covering the full period of stay in Barbados
- Must work remotely for employers or clients located outside Barbados
- Cannot accept employment from Barbados citizens, permanent residents, or local entities
- No minimum educational or professional qualifications required
- No age restrictions for principal applicants

## Required Documents

- Passport-sized photograph of the principal applicant (and all family members aged 18+)
- Biodata page of valid passport (for all family members)
- Proof of relationship for dependants (birth certificate, marriage certificate, etc.)
- Income declaration certifying expected annual income of USD 50,000 or more
- Proof of valid health insurance coverage

## Duration & Renewal

The Welcome Stamp is valid for 12 months from the date of approval. Holders may renew as many times as they wish by reapplying through the same online portal. Renewals receive a 25% discount on fees: BBD 3,000 (approximately USD 1,500) for individuals and BBD 4,500 (approximately USD 2,250) for families. There is no maximum number of renewals.

## Family Members

Spouses, partners (including same-sex partners), and dependent children can be included under a single family application. The family application fee is BBD 6,000 (approximately USD 3,000), compared to BBD 4,000 (approximately USD 2,000) for an individual. Upon the parent's approval, children automatically receive a student visa permitting enrolment in Barbados schools without a separate application. Parents may choose private schools, public schools (subject to space availability), or home schooling.

## Tax Implications

Welcome Stamp holders are exempt from Barbados income tax. Holders are deemed non-resident for income tax purposes and are not subject to income tax, social security contributions, or individual reporting requirements in Barbados. Tax obligations in the holder's home country continue to apply. The standard 17.5% VAT applies to goods and services purchased locally.

## Application Process

Applications are submitted entirely online at barbadoswelcomestamp.bb. The four-step form covers personal information, employment details, dependant information, and document uploads. No fee is charged at submission. The Chief Immigration Officer reviews applications and issues a decision within approximately 7 working days via email. If approved, payment instructions are sent with a 28-day deadline to complete payment through the government payment gateway. The visa is electronically linked to the applicant's passport, so no physical stamp or document is required upon arrival. Holders may freely enter and exit Barbados during the 12-month validity period.

Spouses, partners (including same-sex partners), and dependent children may be included under a family application

12 months from date of approval, renewable indefinitely

Minimum annual income of USD 50,000, or sufficient means to support yourself and any accompanying dependants

Official Welcome Stamp Page

Welcome Stamp Application Portal

Government Welcome Stamp Guide

Welcome Stamp

Belize

Belize's Long Stay Visitor Permit, marketed as "Work Where You Vacation," allows foreign nationals to live in Belize while working remotely for employers or clients located outside the country. Introduced through the Immigration (Amendment) Act, 2021, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed professionals. Eligibility is currently limited to citizens or permanent residents of the European Union, United Kingdom, United States, or Canada.

## Requirements

- Citizen or permanent resident of the EU, UK, US, or Canada
- Gainfully employed by or own a business outside of Belize
- Annual income of at least USD 75,000 (individual) or USD 100,000 (with dependants)
- Travel insurance with a minimum of USD 50,000 in health coverage
- Police record from country of residence issued within the past 6 months
- No local employment permitted -- remote work must be for entities outside Belize

## Required Documents

- Job letter issued within 30 days (if employed) or business registration and annual tax return (if self-employed)
- Proof of annual income meeting the minimum threshold
- Notarized banking reference and statement of account
- Police record from country of residence issued within 6 months
- Certified copy of applicant's passport bio-data page
- Certified copies of each dependant's passport bio-data page
- Proof of residence in an eligible country (if a permanent resident rather than citizen of an eligible country)
- Travel insurance with minimum USD 50,000 health coverage

## Duration & Renewal

The permit is valid for up to 6 months (180 days) in any calendar year. It cannot be extended -- holders who wish to return must submit a new application for a subsequent period. The 180-day maximum is per calendar year, so consecutive permits within the same year cannot exceed this limit. Holders must depart before the permit expires.

## Family Members

Dependants include the spouse and unmarried children under 18, including stepchildren, legally adopted children, or court-certified dependants. Dependants are included on the same permit and are subject to the same restrictions, including the prohibition on local employment. The income threshold increases to USD 100,000 per year when including dependants. The application fee is USD 200 per child under 18 (compared to USD 500 per adult). Children of permit holders may enrol in Belize's school system during the permit period.

## Tax Implications

Belize determines tax residency based on spending more than 182 days in a basis year in the country. The Long Stay Visitor Permit is limited to a maximum of 180 days per calendar year, which falls just below the 182-day tax residency threshold. This means permit holders who stay within the allowed period should not trigger Belizean tax residency.

## Application Process

Applications are submitted online through the Immigration Department's portal at iisconnect.immigration.gov.bz, or by emailing completed applications and supporting documents to visas@immigration.gov.bz or secretary@immigration.gov.bz. Applicants must create an online account using their passport data. After submission, the Immigration Department reviews the application and documents. Processing time is not officially specified.

**Application fee:** USD 500 per adult, USD 200 per child under 18.

As of 1 December 2024, all travellers entering Belize must complete a digital embarkation/disembarkation form through an online immigration and customs declaration system.

The Long Stay Visitor Permit does not directly lead to permanent residency. Permanent residence requires legally residing in Belize for a minimum of 1 continuous year with no more than 14 days' absence, followed by a separate application. Citizenship may be pursued after 5 years of permanent residency.

Spouse and unmarried children under 18 (including stepchildren, legally adopted children, or court-certified dependants) may be included on the same permit.

Up to 6 months (180 days) in any calendar year. The permit cannot be extended; a new application must be submitted for a subsequent period.

USD 75,000 per year for individual applicants. USD 100,000 per year for applicants with dependants (spouse and/or children).

Immigration Department - Long Stay Permit

Belize Tourism Board - Work Where You Vacation

Belize Immigration Services Portal

Long Stay Visitor Permit

Bhutan

Bhutan's Digital Nomad Residence Programme is a residence permit launched in January 2026 through the Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC), a Special Administrative Region established by Royal Charter. The programme is administered by the Gelephu Mindfulness City Authority (GMCA) in partnership with NomadClub LLC. It targets digital nomads, entrepreneurs, remote professionals, and self-employed individuals whose work is location-independent. Holders can reside and travel freely throughout the entire Kingdom of Bhutan, not only within the GMC zone. Notably, the programme waives the Sustainable Development Fee (SDF) of USD 100 per person per night that normally applies to international visitors.

## Requirements

- Must be a professional, entrepreneur, or self-employed individual whose work is location-independent
- Work must align with GMC's strategic direction (sustainable development, mindful living, future-ready economic systems)
- Refundable deposit of USD 10,000 equivalent in TER tokens (gold-backed digital tokens on the Solana blockchain) held at DK Bank
- Non-refundable annual programme fee of USD 2,800
- No minimum monthly income threshold

## Application Process

Applications are submitted exclusively through the GMC partner portal (partners.digitalgmc.com) operated by NomadClub LLC. The process follows four steps:

1. **Check eligibility** -- confirm you are a professional, entrepreneur, or self-employed individual in an eligible sector
2. **Submit application** -- apply online and pay the USD 2,800 non-refundable annual programme fee
3. **Open DK Bank account** -- open an account at Digital Kidu (DK Bank) and deposit a minimum of USD 10,000 equivalent in TER tokens
4. **Receive residence permit** -- obtain the 12-month digital nomad residence permit

**Processing time:** Initial approval within 48-72 hours.

**Fees:** USD 2,800 annual programme fee (non-refundable) plus USD 10,000 refundable deposit in TER tokens.

## Duration & Renewal

The initial permit is valid for 12 months and can be renewed for up to 24 months total. Specific renewal procedures have not been detailed in official programme materials.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may conduct location-independent professional activity. The programme is designed for work performed remotely for entities or clients outside Bhutan.

## Tax Implications

Digital Nomad Residence Programme holders are generally taxed only on income sourced within Bhutan, not on global foreign earnings. Holders should consult a tax adviser for their specific situation.

## Important Considerations

The programme operates under the GMC Special Administrative Region's autonomous legal framework, which adopts Singapore law for corporate and commercial matters, rather than under Bhutan's standard immigration system. It is not listed among the visa categories on the Department of Immigration website.

The requirement to convert USD 10,000 into TER (a cryptocurrency token on the Solana blockchain) introduces exposure to digital asset and blockchain-related risks, even though TER is gold-backed. Each TER token represents 0.01 grams of 99.99% fine gold stored in international vaults.

The programme is operated exclusively by NomadClub LLC, a Dubai-based private company, in partnership with GMCA. The official GMC website (gmc.bt) does not currently reference the Digital Nomad Residence Programme. Applicants should independently verify the programme's current status and terms before committing funds.

No information about sponsoring dependants has been published in official programme materials.

12 months, renewable up to 24 months total.

No minimum income threshold. Financial commitment is demonstrated through a refundable USD 10,000 deposit in TER tokens (gold-backed digital tokens) held at DK Bank.

GMC Digital Nomad Programme - Partner Portal

Gelephu Mindfulness City - Official Website

DK Bank (Digital Kidu) - FAQs

Digital Nomad Residence Programme

Brazil

Brazil's Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV) enables foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients outside Brazil to live in the country for up to one year, with one renewal for a maximum of two years. Established by Resolução Normativa No. 45 of 2021 and administered jointly by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed professionals who earn their income from foreign entities. With a minimum income requirement of just USD 1,500 per month (or USD 18,000 in savings), it is one of the most accessible digital nomad visas globally.

## Requirements

- Foreign national working remotely for employers or clients located outside Brazil
- Minimum monthly income of USD 1,500 from a foreign source, OR at least USD 18,000 in available bank funds
- No employment relationship with any Brazilian entity
- Valid health insurance covering Brazil for the entire visa duration (minimum 12 months)
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- No age restrictions

## Required Documents

**Applying from abroad (consular route):**
- Valid passport (6+ months validity)
- Completed visa application form
- Proof of paid consular fee
- Valid health insurance for Brazil (minimum 12 months coverage)
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin/residence
- Proof of transport or entry to Brazil
- Declaration attesting ability to perform work remotely
- Employment or service contract with a foreign employer/client
- Proof of monthly income of USD 1,500+ or bank funds of USD 18,000+

**Applying from within Brazil (MigranteWeb):**
- Residence authorization request form
- Valid travel document
- GRU payment receipt
- Criminal background certificates from all countries of residence in the last 5 years
- Statutory declaration of no criminal record
- Declaration of remote work capability
- Employment/service contract with a foreign entity
- Proof of income or funds

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is issued for up to 1 year and can be renewed once for an equal period, allowing a maximum total stay of 2 years. Renewal requires updated documentation including new criminal background certificates and continued proof of income and employment with a foreign entity. After the maximum two-year period, holders must leave Brazil or transition to another visa category (such as a work visa, investor visa, or family reunion visa). The digital nomad visa does not lead directly to permanent residency or citizenship.

## Family Members

Dependants cannot be included in the primary applicant's digital nomad visa application. Instead, family members must apply separately for a family reunion visa (VITEM XI). Eligible dependants include spouses or partners in a stable union, children of any age, parents, and siblings. Each dependant requires their own passport and proof of relationship (marriage certificate, birth certificate, or notarized declaration of stable union). An additional income of approximately USD 60 per month per dependant is required above the primary applicant's minimum income threshold.

## Tax Implications

Brazil taxes residents on worldwide income. Individuals present in Brazil for more than 183 days in any 12-month period become tax residents and must declare and pay tax on worldwide income at progressive rates up to 27.5%. Foreign income must be reported monthly through the Carnê-Leão system via the e-CAC portal, with payments due by the last working day of the following month. Those present for fewer than 183 days are generally considered non-residents and taxed only on Brazilian-sourced income at a flat 25% rate. Brazil has double taxation treaties with approximately 30 countries.

## Application Process

There are two application pathways:

**From abroad:** Submit a visa application at any Brazilian consular post worldwide with all required documentation. After review, the consulate sends payment instructions by email. Once the fee is paid and the application is approved, the visa is stamped in the passport. Processing typically takes about 5 working days after documentation and fees are received, though overall timelines range from 2 to 8 weeks depending on the consulate. Consular fees vary by nationality: approximately USD 100 for most nationalities, EUR 110 for EU citizens, and USD 290 for US citizens.

**From within Brazil:** Applicants already in Brazil (for example, on a tourist visa) can apply for residence authorization through the MigranteWeb online system, paying the GRU fees (approximately R$ 204.77 for the residence card plus R$ 168.13 for processing) and submitting documentation digitally. Processing may take up to 3 months.

After entering Brazil or receiving approval, holders must register with the Federal Police to obtain the CRNM (Carteira de Registro Nacional Migratório), which is required for opening bank accounts, signing contracts, and accessing public services. Registration must occur within 90 days of entry (consular route) or 30 days of approval publication (in-Brazil route).

Dependants (spouse, children) must apply separately for a family reunion visa (VITEM XI). Each requires proof of relationship and an additional ~USD 60/month in income above the primary applicant's threshold.

Up to 1 year, renewable once for an equal period (maximum 2 years total).

USD 1,500/month from a foreign source, OR at least USD 18,000 in available bank funds. Additional ~USD 60/month per dependant.

Portal de Imigração - Resolução Normativa No. 45

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - VITEM XIV

MigranteWeb - Online Application System

Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV)

Bulgaria

Bulgaria's Digital Nomad Residence Permit allows non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals to live in Bulgaria while working remotely for employers, clients, or businesses located outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland. The program was established through amendments to the Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria Act, with applications accepted since December 2025. As a full Schengen Area member (since March 2024) with the euro adopted in January 2026, Bulgaria offers an attractive, low-cost EU base for remote professionals.

## Requirements

Applicants must fall into one of three categories:

- **Employees** working under a labour contract with an employer registered outside the EU/EEA/Switzerland, providing remote services via information technology
- **Business owners** who are legal representatives, management body members, or shareholders holding more than 25% of a company registered outside the EU/EEA/Switzerland
- **Freelancers** independently providing remote IT services, with at least one year of prior experience

All applicants must demonstrate an average gross annual income of at least 50 times Bulgaria's statutory minimum monthly wage for the preceding calendar year (approximately €31,010 for 2026). Income must come entirely from sources outside the EU/EEA/Switzerland.

Holders may not work for Bulgarian employers, serve Bulgarian clients, or conduct freelance activities within Bulgarian territory.

## Required Documents

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Completed visa application form and colour photograph (white background)
- Proof of income meeting the minimum threshold (bank statements covering the preceding 12 months, payslips, or service invoices)
- Employment contract with employer details (employees), company register extract no older than 6 months (business owners), or client contracts and references (freelancers)
- Criminal record certificate from country of residence, apostilled
- Proof of accommodation in Bulgaria (rental contract, hotel booking, or property deed)
- Valid health insurance covering Bulgaria and the EU with minimum €30,000 coverage
- All foreign documents must be apostilled and translated into Bulgarian

## Application Process

The application follows a two-stage procedure:

1. **Type D long-stay visa** — Apply in person at a Bulgarian embassy or consulate in your country of residence. A personal interview is mandatory. Processing takes 35-45 business days. The visa fee is €100 (non-refundable).

2. **Residence permit** — After entering Bulgaria on the Type D visa, apply at the Migration Directorate within 14 days of arrival. The permit application fee is BGN 110, and the residence card costs BGN 45. Processing takes 14 calendar days, extendable by up to one month for complex cases.

After the residence permit is granted, a foreigner's identity card is issued within 3-30 calendar days.

## Duration & Renewal

The Type D visa is valid for up to 6 months with the right to stay up to 180 days. The residence permit is issued for 1 year and can be renewed once for an additional year, for a maximum of 2 years total. The renewal application must be submitted before the current permit expires, with updated documentation showing continued eligibility.

The digital nomad permit is a temporary residence permit and does not directly lead to permanent residency or citizenship.

## Family Members

Approved permit holders may sponsor their spouse and dependent children through Bulgaria's family reunification procedures. Family members must apply sequentially — the principal applicant must first receive their own residence permit before dependants can apply. Each family member submits their own application with supporting documents to the Migration Directorate. No separate additional income requirement for sponsoring dependants is specified.

## Tax Implications

Bulgaria applies a flat 10% personal income tax rate — the lowest in the EU. Individuals spending more than 183 days in Bulgaria within any 12-month period become tax residents and are subject to worldwide income taxation. Bulgaria maintains double taxation treaties with over 70 countries. Digital nomads should carefully assess their tax residency status in both Bulgaria and their home country.

## Schengen Travel

As a full Schengen Area member since March 2024, Bulgaria allows digital nomad residence permit holders to travel freely throughout all Schengen countries without additional visas.

Spouse and dependent children may join through Bulgaria's family reunification procedures after the principal applicant receives their residence permit. No separate additional income requirement for dependants.

Issued for 1 year, renewable once for an additional year. Maximum total stay is 2 years.

Average gross annual income of at least 50× Bulgaria's statutory minimum monthly wage. For 2026 the threshold is approximately €31,010/year. The threshold is recalculated annually as the minimum wage changes.

Migration Directorate — Residence Permits

Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Consular Fees

Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria Act

Council of Ministers — Digital Nomad Regulations

Canada

Canada does not have a standalone digital nomad visa. Instead, under the Tech Talent Strategy announced in June 2023, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) formally recognized that foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients located outside Canada may enter and reside in the country for up to six months under standard visitor status, without needing a work permit. The policy is based on the existing visitor framework under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which does not require a work permit for activities that do not constitute entering the Canadian labour market. As a policy clarification rather than a new visa category, there is no dedicated application form, no minimum income threshold, and no additional fees beyond standard visitor entry requirements.

## Requirements

- Must work remotely for an employer or client located outside Canada
- Valid travel document (passport)
- No criminal inadmissibility
- Sufficient financial means to support yourself during your stay
- Intent to leave Canada at the end of the authorized stay
- Must not enter the Canadian labour market (no work for Canadian employers)
- No specific educational, professional, or certification requirements

## Required Documents

**For eTA (visa-exempt nationals):**
- Valid passport
- Email address
- Credit or debit card for the CAD 7 fee

**For Temporary Resident Visa (visa-required nationals):**
- Valid passport
- Completed application form (IMM 5257)
- Two passport-style photos
- Proof of financial support (bank statements, employment letter, proof of remote income)
- Travel itinerary or statement of purpose of visit
- Proof of accommodation (hotel booking, rental agreement, or letter of invitation)
- Biometrics (collected at a designated visa application centre)

**For Visitor Record (extension):**
- Application form
- Copy of passport
- Proof of continued financial means

## Duration & Renewal

Visitor status is granted for up to 6 months from the date of entry. If no passport stamp is given by the border officer, the default authorized period is six months. To extend your stay, you must apply for a Visitor Record at least 30 days before your current status expires. The extension fee is CAD 100 per person. Extension approval is discretionary. While the extension application is being processed, you maintain "implied status" and may remain in Canada.

## Family Members

Family members (spouse, common-law partner, and dependent children) may accompany the digital nomad under their own visitor status, subject to the same eTA or TRV requirements. Each family member must independently meet visitor admissibility criteria. There is no special family rate, though the standard TRV fee is capped at CAD 500 for families of five or more applying together. Family members who wish to work in Canada need their own work permit, and those who wish to study in programs longer than six months require a study permit.

## Tax Implications

There is no special tax exemption for digital nomads in Canada. Individuals physically present in Canada for 183 days or more in a calendar year may be deemed tax residents under the Income Tax Act (sojourner rule), which would require filing a Canadian income tax return on worldwide income. Tax treaty provisions between Canada and your home country may apply. The Canada Revenue Agency also assesses residential ties (dwelling, family, social, and economic connections) to determine tax residency, which can apply even below 183 days. Professional tax advice is strongly recommended.

## Application Process

**eTA-eligible nationals:**
1. Complete the online eTA application form on the IRCC website
2. Pay the CAD 7 fee
3. Receive the eTA electronically linked to your passport (typically within minutes)
4. Travel to Canada; the border officer determines the length of your authorized stay

**TRV-required nationals:**
1. Create an IRCC online account
2. Complete the application form (IMM 5257) and upload supporting documents
3. Pay CAD 100 plus CAD 85 for biometrics
4. Provide biometrics at a designated visa application centre
5. Await processing (times vary by visa office and country)
6. Upon arrival, the CBSA officer at the port of entry determines the authorized stay period

No additional documentation beyond standard visitor requirements is needed. At the border, officers may ask about the purpose of your visit, length of stay, ties to your home country, and financial resources.

## Health Insurance

Visitors are not covered by Canada's publicly funded health care system. IRCC strongly recommends obtaining private health insurance before travelling to Canada. All medical costs during your stay are your responsibility.

## Employment Restrictions

Digital nomads may only perform remote work for employers or clients located outside Canada. Any work for a Canadian employer requires a separate work permit. The policy does not provide a direct path to permanent residence, though digital nomads who find a Canadian employer may apply for a work permit and subsequently pursue permanent residence through programs such as Express Entry or Provincial Nominee Programs.

## Fees

- eTA: CAD 7 per person
- Temporary Resident Visa (TRV): CAD 100 per person (max CAD 500 for families of 5+)
- Biometrics: CAD 85 per individual (max CAD 170 for families of 2+)
- Visitor Record extension: CAD 100 per person

Spouse, common-law partner, and dependent children may accompany under their own visitor status (eTA or TRV). Each family member must independently meet admissibility criteria.

Up to 6 months per entry. May be extended by applying for a Visitor Record before the current status expires.

No minimum income threshold. Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial means to support themselves during their stay (assessed case-by-case by visa officers).

IRCC - Tech Talent Strategy: Digital Nomads

IRCC - Canada's Tech Talent Strategy

IRCC - Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)

IRCC - Extend Your Stay in Canada (Visitor Record)

Digital Nomad Policy

Quebec's Immigrant Investor Program allows high-net-worth individuals to obtain Canadian permanent residence through a passive investment. The only remaining federal investor immigration pathway in Canada, it requires significant net worth and a government-guaranteed investment. Program is periodically suspended for intake.

## Requirements

- Net worth of at least $2M CAD legally acquired
- Management experience in qualifying business
- Intent to settle in Quebec
- French language ability beneficial (Quebec selection)
- Pass medical and security checks

## Restrictions

- Program frequently suspended for new applications
- Quebec selection first, then federal immigration
- Investment locked for 5 years
- Must demonstrate intent to reside in Quebec

## Processing

**Processing time:** 4-6 years

**Fee:** Quebec: $20,824 CAD + Federal: $1,625 CAD per adult

Two-stage process: Quebec selection certificate then federal PR. Long processing times

Permanent residence. Citizenship eligible after 3 years physical presence

Investment of $1.2M CAD for 5 years (guaranteed by Quebec government, returned without interest). Must have legally acquired net worth of at least $2M CAD

Quebec Immigration

Quebec Immigrant Investor Program (QIIP)

Canada's Start-Up Visa Program is designed to attract innovative entrepreneurs to Canada. Applicants must have a qualifying business supported by a designated Canadian venture capital fund, angel investor group, or business incubator. One of the most attractive startup programs globally as it provides permanent residence from day one.

## Requirements

- Letter of Support from designated organization (VC fund: $200K+, Angel group: $75K+, or Business incubator acceptance)
- Qualifying innovative business with intent to incorporate in Canada
- CLB 5 minimum in English or French in all abilities
- Sufficient settlement funds
- Pass medical and security checks
- Each founder must own at least 10% voting rights
- Founders + designated org must jointly hold 50%+ voting rights

## Restrictions

- Must actively manage business from within Canada
- Business must be incorporated in Canada
- Program is competitive - requires acceptance by designated organization
- Cannot use funds from previous immigration investment programs

## Processing

**Processing time:** 12-16 months

**Fee:** $1,625 CAD per adult + $225 per child + biometrics

Apply to IRCC after obtaining Letter of Support from designated organization. Can apply for work permit while PR processes

Spouse/partner and dependent children included in permanent residence application

Permanent residence from approval. Citizenship eligible after 3 years

Must have settlement funds - approximately CAD $14,690 for single applicant (2024), more for families. Amounts adjusted annually

IRCC Start-Up Visa

Start-Up Visa Program

Cape Verde

Cabo Verde's Remote Working Program, also known as "Nómadas Digitais," allows foreign nationals to live in Cabo Verde while working remotely for employers or clients outside the country. Launched in December 2020 by the Ministry of Tourism and Transport, the program is administered by Turismo de Cabo Verde, with visa declarations issued by the Directorate of Foreigners and Borders (DEF). It targets self-employed individuals and remote workers from Europe, North America, Portuguese-speaking countries (CPLP), and West African states (CEDEAO).

Holders receive temporary residency but not tax residency, meaning income earned from sources outside Cabo Verde is exempt from local income tax.

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Self-employed or able to work remotely using internet and electronic communication tools
- Bank statements for the preceding 6 months showing a minimum average balance of €1,500 (individual) or €2,700 (family)
- Travel and health insurance covering the entire stay, including evacuation and repatriation
- Proof of accommodation in Cabo Verde
- Criminal record certificate from country of origin
- Medical certificate
- Proof of link with the company or entity for which remote services are provided

## Eligible Applicants

The program is open to citizens from Europe, North America, the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), and the Economic Community of West African States (CEDEAO). No specific educational or professional qualifications are required beyond the ability to work remotely.

## Restrictions

- Holders may only work remotely for entities outside Cabo Verde; employment with local companies is prohibited
- The program does not lead to permanent residency on its own
- Must maintain valid health insurance throughout the stay

## Application Process

Applications can be submitted online through the DEF e-Portal. Processing takes approximately 2 weeks, and the program advises against travelling before receiving approval. Upon approval, applicants receive an approval letter from Turismo de Cabo Verde and a visa declaration from the DEF.

All travellers must complete mandatory pre-registration and pay the Airport Security Tax (TSA) of €34 per person via the EASE platform before departure. Upon arrival, present your passport, approval letter, visa declaration, proof of TSA payment, and pay the €20 per person visa fee.

## Fees

- **Visa fee:** €20 per person (also payable upon renewal)
- **Airport Security Tax:** €34 per person (one-time, paid via the EASE platform before travel)

## Renewal

The visa is renewable once for an additional 6 months, for a maximum total stay of 12 months. The renewal fee is €20 per person, and extensions are processed on the ground in Cabo Verde.

## Family Members

Families are welcome to apply together. The income requirement increases to a flat €2,700 for families, regardless of the number of members. No specific dependant categories are defined — the program simply refers to "families."

Families may apply together. A flat €2,700 family income threshold applies regardless of the number of family members.

6 months initially, renewable once for an additional 6 months (up to 12 months total)

Minimum average bank balance of €1,500 (individual) or €2,700 (family) over the preceding 6 months

Turismo de Cabo Verde — Remote Working Program

DEF e-Portal — Nómadas Digitais

EASE — Pre-registration & Airport Security Tax

Remote Working Program

Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands' Global Citizen Concierge Programme (GCCP) launched in October 2020 allows remote workers employed outside the Cayman Islands to live and work remotely from the Cayman Islands for up to 2 years. The program offers significant tax benefits: no income tax, capital gains tax, payroll tax, or withholding tax. Allows unlimited travel in and out of the country and is renewable.

## Requirements

- Employed by company/entity outside the Cayman Islands (proof of employment required showing position, length of employment, and annual salary)
- Annual income: $100,000 (individual), $150,000 (couple), or $180,000 (family)
- Valid passport (6+ months validity)
- Bank statements from last 6 months (bank reference)
- Police clearance certificate from all countries where applicant lived 6+ months
- Health insurance covering at least 30 days post-arrival
- Proof of employer's legal existence (company documentation)
- Must apply online

## Restrictions

- Must work remotely for non-Caymanian companies/employers only
- Cannot be employed by Cayman Islands companies
- If employment terminates, must notify Director of WORC immediately (certificate becomes void)
- Cannot engage in local business activities
- Must maintain minimum income requirements throughout stay

## Processing

**Processing time:** 3-4 weeks

**Fee:** Annual non-refundable fee: $1,469 for up to 2 people, plus $500 per additional dependent. Additional 7% credit card processing fee applies to total

Entirely online application process accessible globally. Processing typically takes 3-4 weeks depending on application volume. Approval allows unlimited travel in and out of Cayman Islands

Can include spouse/civil partner and dependents. Income requirement increases to $150,000 for couple, $180,000 for family with children. Each dependent costs additional $500/year

Minimum annual income: USD $100,000 for individual, $150,000 for couple (with spouse/civil partner), $180,000 for family with dependents

Citizen Remote - Cayman Islands Digital Nomad Visa

ERA Cayman Islands - Global Citizenship Concierge Program

Global Citizen Concierge Programme (GCCP)

Colombia

Colombia's Visa V Nómada Digital is a Visitor-type (Type V) visa that allows foreign nationals to reside in Colombia while working remotely for employers or clients located exclusively outside the country, or to launch digital content or information technology ventures. The program was established by Resolución 5477 of 22 July 2022 and entered into force on 22 October 2022. It targets three profiles: remote employees under contract with foreign companies, independent workers or freelancers providing services to foreign clients, and digital entrepreneurs establishing content or IT ventures of interest to Colombia.

## Eligibility

- Must hold a passport from a visa-exempt country as established by Resolución 5488 of 2022
- Must demonstrate remote employment, freelance work for foreign clients, or a digital/IT entrepreneurship project
- Must earn at least three times Colombia's monthly minimum wage (approximately USD 1,414/month for 2026)
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- No age restrictions

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity and blank pages for visa sticker
- Recent digital colour photograph with white background (max 300 KB)
- Letter from foreign employer indicating work relationship and remuneration, or proof of freelance contract with a foreign entity, or proof of business ownership with remote work documentation
- For entrepreneurs: motivational letter explaining the venture and its financial and human resources
- Bank statements for the preceding 3 months showing minimum income of 3 times the legal monthly minimum wage
- Health insurance policy valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation for the entire duration of stay
- If applying from within Colombia: copy of entry stamp or migration authority authorisation

## Application Process

The entire application is conducted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. Applicants create an account, select visa Type V — Nómadas Digitales, complete the electronic form, and upload all required documents in digital format. After submission, the system generates a payment reference number and the study fee (USD 54) must be paid within 10 calendar days. The visa authority has up to 30 calendar days to issue a decision. If approved, the issuance fee (USD 177) must be paid within 10 calendar days. The e-visa is then delivered electronically. Foreign-issued documents must bear an apostille or legalisation and an official Spanish translation.

## After Arrival

- Register the visa with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days of entry
- Apply for a Cédula de Extranjería (Foreign ID Card) if the visa is valid for more than 3 months
- Report any change of address to Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days
- Maintain valid health insurance for the entire duration of stay

## Restrictions

- Remote work only — the holder may not perform any remunerated activity for any person or company domiciled in Colombia
- Only available to passport holders from visa-exempt countries under Resolución 5488
- No formal renewal process; a completely new application must be submitted before the current visa expires

## Tax Implications

Colombia applies a 183-day rule: foreigners present in the country for more than 183 days (continuous or discontinuous) within any 365-day period become tax residents and must declare worldwide income. Non-residents are taxed only on Colombian-source income. Digital nomads earning exclusively from foreign sources and staying under 183 days generally have no Colombian income tax obligation.

## Path to Residency

The V-type visa does not directly lead to permanent residency. Holders must transition to an M-type (Migrante) visa and accumulate the required time in that category before applying for an R-type (Residente) visa.

## Short-Stay Alternative

Digital nomads from visa-exempt countries may also enter Colombia without a visa on a Permiso de Ingreso and work remotely for up to 90 days, extendable to a maximum of 180 days per calendar year, provided they receive no payments from Colombian entities. This option requires no formal visa application but limits the stay compared to the 2-year digital nomad visa.

Spouse or permanent partner, children up to 25 years of age, and children with physical or mental disability may be included as beneficiaries. They must demonstrate economic dependency on the principal visa holder. No additional income requirement for dependants.

Up to 2 years with multiple entries; no formal renewal — a new application must be submitted before the current visa expires

Three times Colombia's legal monthly minimum wage (approximately COP 5,252,715 or USD 1,414 per month for 2026), demonstrated via bank statements for the preceding 3 months

Visa V Nómadas Digitales — Cancillería

Online Visa Application Portal

Visa Fees and Payment — Cancillería

Migración Colombia — Cédula de Extranjería

Visa V Nómada Digital

Costa Rica

Costa Rica's Digital Nomad Visa (officially the "Estancia para Trabajador y Prestador Remoto de Servicios") allows foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients located outside Costa Rica to reside legally in the country for up to two years. Established by Ley N° 10.008, enacted in August 2021 with implementing regulations taking effect in July 2022, the program is administered by the Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería (DGME). It targets remote workers and freelancers who provide services via digital means for entities abroad and receive their income from outside Costa Rica. Key benefits include income tax exemption on foreign-sourced earnings, duty-free import of work equipment, recognition of foreign driver's licences, and the right to open Costa Rican bank accounts.

## Requirements

- Work remotely for an employer or client located outside Costa Rica
- Minimum gross income of USD 3,000/month (USD 4,000/month with dependants) from foreign sources
- 12 months of bank statements with a sworn declaration confirming income originates from abroad, or a certification from a licensed public accountant or notary (apostilled if issued outside Costa Rica)
- Valid passport with photo page copy
- Costa Rican entry stamp page if already in the country
- Consular or restricted visa if required by nationality
- Medical insurance with minimum USD 50,000 coverage for the entire stay period
- All foreign-language documents must include official Spanish translation

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is issued for an initial period of 1 year and can be renewed once for an additional year, for a maximum total stay of 2 years. To qualify for renewal, the holder must have been physically present in Costa Rica for at least 180 days during the first year. The renewal fee is USD 90, and all original requirements (income, health insurance, remote employment) must continue to be met.

## Application Process

Applications can be submitted online via the Trámite Ya digital platform (tramiteya.go.cr/dgme/) or in person at DGME offices by scheduling an appointment under "Estancia Nómadas Digitales." The DGME reviews applications within 15 calendar days and notifies applicants of any deficiencies within the first 5 days. Legal assistance is not required.

**Fees:** USD 100 application fee payable to Banco de Costa Rica, plus approximately USD 90 for the visa card, plus a security deposit equal to 75% of the cost of a return airline ticket to the applicant's country of origin.

## Tax Benefits

Holders are fully exempt from Costa Rican income tax on foreign-sourced earnings for the duration of the stay. There is no obligation to contribute to the Costa Rican social security system (CCSS). Holders may also import basic computer, telecommunications, and work equipment duty-free.

## Family Members

Qualifying dependants include a spouse or registered domestic partner, children under 25 years of age, disabled children of any age, and elderly dependant relatives. Each dependant requires a separate application, individual fee payment, and their own health insurance policy with minimum USD 50,000 coverage. The income threshold increases from USD 3,000 to USD 4,000/month when including dependants. Tax exemption benefits apply only to the primary applicant.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities or clients located outside Costa Rica. Employment with Costa Rican companies or provision of services within the local market is strictly prohibited. The visa falls under the non-resident immigration category and does not provide a pathway to temporary or permanent residency. Time spent under this visa does not count towards residency or citizenship requirements.

Country↑	Program↕	Income↕	Duration↕	Dependants↕
🇪🇪 Estonia	Digital Nomad Visa	$63,529 / year	90 days — 1 year	Yes
🇪🇪 Estonia	Startup Visa (Startup Estonia)	Must prove sufficient fun...	1 year — 5 years	Yes

Estonia