Argentina

Argentina's Digital Nomad Transitory Residence (*Residencia Transitoria para Nómadas Digitales*) allows foreign nationals to live in Argentina while working remotely for employers or clients located outside the country. Launched in May 2022, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed professionals who earn their income from foreign-domiciled entities through digital means. Unlike many comparable programs, Argentina does not impose a formal minimum income threshold.

## Requirements

- Must be a national of a country that does not require a tourist visa for Argentina (approximately 80 nationalities, including US, Canada, UK, EU, and Australia)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months validity and one blank page
- Remote work must be performed for entities or individuals domiciled outside Argentina
- Supporting documentation of remote work activity (employment contract, company endorsement letter, income receipts, or professional certifications)
- Brief curriculum vitae showing professional experience and education level
- Signed application letter describing remote work activities
- Recent 4×4 cm photograph (white background)
- All foreign-language documents must include certified Spanish translation

## Required Documents

- Signed application letter with personal data and description of remote work
- Brief curriculum vitae
- Valid passport (minimum 6 months validity)
- Recent 4×4 cm photograph (white background)
- Proof of remote work activity (at least one of: employment contract, company endorsement letter, income receipts, professional certifications)
- For extension: Argentine criminal record certificate (ages 16+), proof of domicile, proof of income received during initial period
- Foreign criminal clearance certificates (if stay exceeds 6 months, from countries of residence in the past 3 years)

## Duration & Renewal

The initial residence is valid for up to 180 days. A single extension of 180 days may be granted (360 days maximum). To qualify for the extension, you must have remained in Argentina for at least 50% of the initial period (minimum 90 days) and provide proof of income received during that time. The visa does not lead to temporary or permanent residency.

## Tax Implications

Holders with transitory residence are generally considered non-residents for income tax purposes and are taxed only on Argentine-source income, not on foreign-source income. However, spending more than 12 consecutive months in Argentina may trigger tax residency. VAT (IVA) applies to local purchases of goods and services.

## Application Process

There are two main pathways:

1. **TIE 24H (online)** — Upload documents electronically at migraciones.gob.ar and receive entry authorization by email within 10–15 business days. Migration fee: 120 unidades consulares. Present the authorization at immigration upon arrival.
2. **Argentine consulate** — Submit scanned documents by email, pay the migration fee (USD 120) and consular fee (USD 80), and attend a consular interview. Apply at least 45 days before planned travel.

Applicants already in Argentina can apply in person at the Dirección Nacional de Migraciones offices.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities or individuals domiciled outside Argentina. Any local employment or service provision to Argentine companies or clients is prohibited.

No provisions for dependant sponsorship. Family members must apply for their own visa category independently.

Up to 180 days initially, extendable once for an additional 180 days (360 days maximum)

No official minimum income threshold. Must demonstrate active remote work through contracts, income receipts, or employer endorsements.

Digital Nomad Residence Service Page

Electronic Entry Processing (TIE 24H)

Migration Fee Schedule

Digital Nomad Transitory Residence

Argentina's Residencia Temporaria Inversionista (Temporary Residency for Investors) allows foreign nationals to reside in the country while carrying out productive, commercial, or service investment activities. Unlike the rentista category which requires passive income, this category requires active capital deployment into a business. The minimum investment is ARS 1,500,000, and the residency permits stays of up to three years with multiple entries and exits.

## Requirements

- Foreign national of any nationality
- Minimum investment of ARS 1,500,000 in a productive, commercial, or service activity of interest to Argentina
- Must prove the origin and legality of funds
- Funds must have entered Argentina through banking or financial institutions authorized by the Banco Central de la República Argentina
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required

## Required Documents

- Valid passport or national identity document
- Birth certificate and civil status documentation
- Argentine criminal background certificate from the Registro Nacional de Reincidencia (ages 16+)
- Criminal clearance certificates from countries of residence (1+ year) in the past 3 years
- Proof of address in Argentina (utility bill or certificate)
- Entry stamp in travel document
- Investment project proposal signed by the applicant
- Documentation proving origin and legality of funds
- Proof that funds entered through authorized banking institutions
- All foreign documents must be legalized (Hague Apostille) and translated by a certified public translator

## Duration & Renewal

The residency is granted for up to 3 years and is renewable. The holder must demonstrate the investment remains active for renewal. Absence from Argentina for 6 or more continuous months results in cancellation of temporary residency.

## Family Members

The Migration Law guarantees the right to family reunification for immigrants, covering spouses, children, and parents. Family members can apply for their own temporary residency. Children under 16 applying jointly with a parent are exempt from the migration processing fee.

## Tax Implications

Foreign individuals who obtain temporary residency and reside in Argentina with the intention of habitual residence become tax residents subject to income tax on worldwide income. Tax residency is triggered after 12 months of presence (with temporary absences not exceeding 90 days). The tax authority is ARCA (formerly AFIP).

## Application Process

**From within Argentina:** Apply through the RaDEX digital platform (migraciones.gob.ar/radex) — register, complete the form, upload documents, and pay migration fees, then attend a mandatory in-person appointment at the DNM office.

**From abroad:** Request a Permiso de Ingreso (entry permit) via email to tramitacion.ingresos@migraciones.gob.ar or in person at the DNM Central Office. Once approved, obtain a visa at an Argentine consulate, then apply for full residency through RaDEX after arrival.

**Fees:** ARS 100,000 for non-MERCOSUR nationals; ARS 50,000 for MERCOSUR nationals.

The Ministerio de Economía evaluates each investment project on three axes: nature of the investment, legal viability, and economic-financial sustainability. Upon favorable opinion, the DNM grants residency and sets a deadline for executing the investment.

## Path to Permanent Residency

Non-MERCOSUR nationals may apply for permanent residency after 3 years of continuous temporary residency. MERCOSUR nationals may apply after 2 years. Applicants must demonstrate physical presence in Argentina exceeding 50% of their authorized residency period.

Spouse, children, and parents through family reunification

Investment in a productive, commercial, or service activity of interest to Argentina

Argentina.gob.ar — Residencia Temporaria Inversionista

Argentina.gob.ar — Entry Permit for Investors

Migration Law No. 25.871

Residencia Temporaria Inversionista

Argentina's Residencia Temporaria Pensionado (*Temporary Residency for Pensioners*) is a residency pathway under Article 23(c) of the Migration Law (Ley No. 25.871) for foreign nationals who receive a pension from a foreign government, international organisation, or private company for services rendered abroad. The pension must meet a minimum monthly threshold tied to Argentina's minimum wage, making this an accessible option for retirees with documented foreign pension benefits. The permit allows holders to live in Argentina with multiple entries and exits and provides a path to permanent residency.

## Requirements

- Foreign pension from a government, international organisation, or private company for services rendered outside Argentina
- Monthly pension amount of at least 5 times the Salario Mínimo Vital y Móvil (SMVM), currently approximately ARS 1,734,000/month
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity (or MERCOSUR travel document)
- Argentine criminal background certificate from the Registro Nacional de Reincidencia (applicants aged 16+)
- Criminal clearance certificates from all countries of residence (1+ year) in the past 3 years
- Proof of address in Argentina
- Official certification confirming regular and permanent pension receipt at the required amount
- Health insurance coverage for the duration of stay
- Application fee: 100 UMSM for non-MERCOSUR nationals (ARS 100,000) or 50 UMSM for MERCOSUR nationals (ARS 50,000)

## Required Documents

- Valid passport or MERCOSUR travel document (minimum 6 months validity)
- Argentine criminal record certificate (auto-integrated into RaDEX for applicants 16+)
- Foreign criminal clearance certificates from countries of residence in the past 3 years
- Proof of address in Argentina
- Official certification from the pension-granting entity confirming regular and permanent pension receipt
- For entry permit applications: copy of the pension-granting document and three recent pay stubs
- All foreign documents must be legalised by an Argentine consulate or bear a Hague Apostille
- Non-Spanish documents require certified translation by a public translator

## Duration & Renewal

The initial permit is valid for up to 3 years with multiple entries and exits. Renewals are granted in 1-year extensions. Apply for renewal within 60 days before expiry through the RaDEX platform with updated pension documentation. Late renewal within 30 days after expiry incurs a 50% surcharge on fees. Absence from Argentina for 6 or more continuous months results in cancellation of residency status.

## Family Members

Argentina guarantees the right to family reunification under Article 10 of Ley 25.871, covering spouses, children, and parents. Family members may apply for their own temporary residency. The primary applicant must demonstrate that their pension income is sufficient to support themselves and their family group. Minor children under 18 applying jointly with a parent are exempt from the migration processing fee.

## Tax Implications

Temporary residents who reside in Argentina with the intention of habitual residence are considered tax residents, subject to income tax (*Impuesto a las Ganancias*) on worldwide income. Tax residency is triggered after 12 months of presence (with temporary absences not exceeding 90 days) or upon demonstrating intent of habitual residence. Tax residents may also be subject to the personal assets tax (*Impuesto sobre los Bienes Personales*) and must file annual returns with ARCA (formerly AFIP).

## Application Process

**From outside Argentina:** Begin by requesting a Permiso de Ingreso (entry permit) via email to tramitacion.ingresos@migraciones.gob.ar or in person at the DNM Central Office. Include a written request with personal details, a copy of the pension-granting document, and three recent pay stubs. Once approved, present the permit at the corresponding Argentine consulate to obtain a visa for entry.

**From within Argentina:** Apply through the RaDEX platform (migraciones.gob.ar/radex) — register, complete the application form, pay fees, upload documents, and attend a mandatory in-person appointment at DNM offices. The applicant must be physically present in Argentina.

Upon approval, holders receive a Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) for foreigners and a CUIL (tax identification number).

## Path to Permanent Residency

Non-MERCOSUR nationals may apply for permanent residency after 3 years of continuous temporary residency. MERCOSUR nationals may apply after 2 years. Applicants must demonstrate physical presence in Argentina exceeding 50% of their authorised residency period.

Spouse, children, and parents through family reunification. The applicant must demonstrate sufficient pension income to support the family group.

Up to 3 years, renewable in 1-year extensions.

5 times the Salario Mínimo Vital y Móvil (SMVM) per month from a foreign pension. As of February 2026, this equals approximately ARS 1,734,000/month (roughly USD 1,500-1,800).

DNM — Residencia Temporaria como Pensionado

Ley de Migraciones No. 25.871

Disposición DNM No. 1.732/2023 — Income Thresholds

Migration Fee Schedule (Decreto 584/2024)

Residencia Temporaria Pensionado

Argentina's Residencia Temporaria Rentista (*Temporary Residency for Persons of Independent Means*) is a residency pathway under Article 23(b) of the Migration Law (Ley No. 25.871) for foreign nationals who fund their stay from passive income generated by their own assets held abroad. Qualifying income sources include financial instruments, real estate holdings, company participations, and other asset-derived returns. Income from personal labour is explicitly excluded. The permit allows holders to live in Argentina with multiple entries and exits, and the income stream must be demonstrably stable for at least 2 years.

## Requirements

- Regular passive income from assets in the applicant's patrimony (financial instruments, real estate, company participations, or similar)
- Monthly income of at least 5 times the Salario Mínimo Vital y Móvil (SMVM), currently approximately ARS 1,734,000/month
- Income must be receivable for a minimum period of 2 years, generated in a stable manner
- Income from personal labour does not qualify
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity (or MERCOSUR travel document)
- Argentine criminal background certificate from the Registro Nacional de Reincidencia (applicants aged 16+)
- Criminal clearance certificates from all countries of residence (1+ year) in the past 3 years
- Proof of address in Argentina
- Documentation proving passive income meets the minimum threshold
- Health insurance coverage for the duration of stay
- Application fee: 100 UMSM for non-MERCOSUR nationals (ARS 100,000) or 50 UMSM for MERCOSUR nationals (ARS 50,000)

## Required Documents

- Valid passport or MERCOSUR travel document (minimum 6 months validity)
- Argentine criminal record certificate (auto-integrated into RaDEX for applicants 16+)
- Foreign criminal clearance certificates from countries of residence in the past 3 years
- Proof of address in Argentina
- Documentation certifying regular passive income at the required level
- Certification from the remitting entity confirming funds originate from foreign bank investments, foreign financial institution remittances, foreign company investments, or national securities purchased with foreign resources
- Proof demonstrating the origin of funds and their entry into Argentina through authorised banking or financial institutions
- All foreign documents must be legalised by an Argentine consulate or bear a Hague Apostille
- Non-Spanish documents require certified translation by a public translator

## Duration & Renewal

The initial permit is valid for up to 3 years with multiple entries and exits. Renewals are granted in 1-year extensions. Apply for renewal within 60 days before expiry through the RaDEX platform with updated income documentation demonstrating continued rentista status. Late renewal within 30 days after expiry incurs a 50% surcharge on fees. Absence from Argentina for 6 or more continuous months results in cancellation of residency status.

## Family Members

Argentina guarantees the right to family reunification under Article 10 of Ley 25.871, covering spouses, children, and parents. Family members may apply for their own temporary residency. The primary applicant must demonstrate that their passive income is sufficient to support themselves and their family group. Minor children under 18 applying jointly with a parent are exempt from the migration processing fee.

## Tax Implications

Temporary residents who reside in Argentina with the intention of habitual residence are considered tax residents, subject to income tax (*Impuesto a las Ganancias*) on worldwide income. Tax residency is triggered after 12 months of presence (with temporary absences not exceeding 90 days) or upon demonstrating intent of habitual residence. Tax residents may also be subject to the personal assets tax (*Impuesto sobre los Bienes Personales*) and must file annual returns with ARCA (formerly AFIP).

## Application Process

**From outside Argentina:** Begin by requesting a Permiso de Ingreso (entry permit) via email to tramitacion.ingresos@migraciones.gob.ar or in person at the DNM Central Office. The remitting entity must certify that funds originate from qualifying foreign sources. Once approved, present the permit at the corresponding Argentine consulate to obtain a visa for entry.

**From within Argentina:** Apply through the RaDEX platform (migraciones.gob.ar/radex) — register, complete the application form, pay fees, upload documents, and attend a mandatory in-person appointment at DNM offices. The applicant must be physically present in Argentina. You must demonstrate the origin of funds and their entry into Argentina through authorised banking channels.

Upon approval, holders receive a Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) for foreigners and a CUIL (tax identification number).

## Path to Permanent Residency

Non-MERCOSUR nationals may apply for permanent residency after 3 years of continuous temporary residency. MERCOSUR nationals may apply after 2 years. Applicants must demonstrate physical presence in Argentina exceeding 50% of their authorised residency period.

Spouse, children, and parents through family reunification. The applicant must demonstrate sufficient income to support the family group.

5 times the Salario Mínimo Vital y Móvil (SMVM) per month from passive income derived from assets. As of February 2026, this equals approximately ARS 1,734,000/month (roughly USD 1,500-1,800).

DNM — Residencia Temporaria como Rentista

Residencia Temporaria Rentista

Brazil

The residence authorization itself is indefinite from approval; holders may apply for ordinary naturalization (Brazilian citizenship) after 4 years of continuous residence in Brazil under Lei 13.445/2017, Art. 65; the period may be reduced to 1 year…

Brazil's Business Investor Residence (Autorização de Residência para Investidor — Pessoa Física) allows foreign nationals to reside in Brazil by investing at least R$500,000 (approximately USD 91,000) of their own foreign-sourced capital in a Brazilian legal entity. Established by Resolução Normativa No. 13/2017, Art. 2, and administered by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security through the MigranteWeb platform, the program grants indefinite residence authorization with the primary objective of generating employment or income in Brazil.

## Requirements

- Investment of at least R$500,000 in foreign currency into a new or existing Brazilian company (pessoa jurídica)
- Funds must be transferred through institutions authorized by the Banco Central do Brasil and registered as foreign direct investment (investimento externo direto) via the RDE-IED system
- A comprehensive 3-year Investment or Business Plan demonstrating job or income generation potential
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin, apostilled under the Hague Convention

## Required Documents

- Corporate bylaws or articles of incorporation of the receiving company, showing foreign capital invested
- Proof of investment via Central Bank RDE-IED registration and foreign exchange contract from an authorized institution
- 3-year Investment or Business Plan covering: economic sector, geographic location, product/service description, hiring plan, salary structure, employee training investment, and financial plan
- Passport valid for 6+ months
- Birth certificate (apostilled)
- Criminal background check (apostilled)

## Application Process

The investor first establishes or invests in a Brazilian legal entity, transferring the minimum R$500,000 in foreign currency registered as foreign direct investment with the Central Bank. A local representative or attorney in Brazil typically handles company incorporation and investment registration. The residence authorization request is submitted electronically through the MigranteWeb system. Upon approval, the authorization is communicated to the Brazilian consulate, which issues the VITEM IX investment visa. After entering Brazil, the holder must register with the Federal Police within 90 days to obtain the CRNM (national identity card for immigrants). Applicants already in Brazil on a valid visa can apply directly through MigranteWeb.

## Duration & Renewal

The residence authorization is granted for an indefinite term from the date of approval. However, it remains contingent on compliance with the approved Investment or Business Plan. Documentation proving plan execution must be submitted to the Ministry of Justice up to 90 days before the end of the initially granted review period. The Ministry evaluates compliance considering economic context and employment potential maintenance. Processing typically takes 2-4 months for ministry review, with a total timeline of 5-12 months including preparation and registration.

## Family Members

The principal applicant's spouse, partner (including common-law partnership), and dependent children can obtain derivative residence through the VITEM XI family reunification visa. Children under 21 are eligible as dependants, while those aged 18-24 must prove dependence through enrollment as students or financial dependence. Dependants do not require separate investment. Family members must independently register with the Federal Police to obtain their own CRNM cards.

## Tax Implications

Holders become Brazilian tax residents from the date of arrival and are subject to worldwide income taxation under progressive rates from 0% to 27.5%. Annual income tax declarations must be filed by April 30. Monthly income not subject to withholding must be reported through the Carne-Leão system. Brazil has double taxation treaties with approximately 35 countries. The receiving enterprise must comply with corporate obligations including CNPJ registration, regular tax filings, and employment law compliance.

## Path to Citizenship

Holders may apply for ordinary naturalization after 4 years of continuous residence in Brazil, with proficiency in Portuguese and no criminal convictions. The residency period may be reduced to 1 year for applicants recommended for professional, scientific, or artistic abilities.

Spouse, partner (including stable union), and dependent children via VITEM XI family reunification visa. Children 18-24 must prove dependence. No separate investment required.

Indefinite residence authorization from approval, contingent on compliance with the Investment or Business Plan

R$500,000 (~USD 91,000) invested in a Brazilian company as foreign direct investment

Portal de Imigracao - Resolucao Normativa No. 13/2017

MigranteWeb - Online Application System

Business Investor Residence

The digital nomad visa does not lead directly to permanent residency or citizenship; after the maximum two-year period, holders must leave Brazil or transition to another visa category (such as a work visa, investor visa, or family reunion visa)

Brazil's Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV) enables foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients outside Brazil to live in the country for up to one year, with one renewal for a maximum of two years. Established by Resolução Normativa No. 45 of 2021 and administered jointly by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and self-employed professionals who earn their income from foreign entities. With a minimum income requirement of just USD 1,500 per month (or USD 18,000 in savings), it is one of the most accessible digital nomad visas globally.

## Requirements

- Foreign national working remotely for employers or clients located outside Brazil
- Minimum monthly income of USD 1,500 from a foreign source, OR at least USD 18,000 in available bank funds
- No employment relationship with any Brazilian entity
- Valid health insurance covering Brazil for the entire visa duration (minimum 12 months)
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- No age restrictions

## Required Documents

**Applying from abroad (consular route):**
- Valid passport (6+ months validity)
- Completed visa application form
- Proof of paid consular fee
- Valid health insurance for Brazil (minimum 12 months coverage)
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin/residence
- Proof of transport or entry to Brazil
- Declaration attesting ability to perform work remotely
- Employment or service contract with a foreign employer/client
- Proof of monthly income of USD 1,500+ or bank funds of USD 18,000+

**Applying from within Brazil (MigranteWeb):**
- Residence authorization request form
- Valid travel document
- GRU payment receipt
- Criminal background certificates from all countries of residence in the last 5 years
- Statutory declaration of no criminal record
- Declaration of remote work capability
- Employment/service contract with a foreign entity
- Proof of income or funds

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is issued for up to 1 year and can be renewed once for an equal period, allowing a maximum total stay of 2 years. Renewal requires updated documentation including new criminal background certificates and continued proof of income and employment with a foreign entity. After the maximum two-year period, holders must leave Brazil or transition to another visa category (such as a work visa, investor visa, or family reunion visa). The digital nomad visa does not lead directly to permanent residency or citizenship.

## Family Members

Dependants cannot be included in the primary applicant's digital nomad visa application. Instead, family members must apply separately for a family reunion visa (VITEM XI). Eligible dependants include spouses or partners in a stable union, children of any age, parents, and siblings. Each dependant requires their own passport and proof of relationship (marriage certificate, birth certificate, or notarized declaration of stable union). An additional income of approximately USD 60 per month per dependant is required above the primary applicant's minimum income threshold.

## Tax Implications

Brazil taxes residents on worldwide income. Individuals present in Brazil for more than 183 days in any 12-month period become tax residents and must declare and pay tax on worldwide income at progressive rates up to 27.5%. Foreign income must be reported monthly through the Carnê-Leão system via the e-CAC portal, with payments due by the last working day of the following month. Those present for fewer than 183 days are generally considered non-residents and taxed only on Brazilian-sourced income at a flat 25% rate. Brazil has double taxation treaties with approximately 30 countries.

## Application Process

There are two application pathways:

**From abroad:** Submit a visa application at any Brazilian consular post worldwide with all required documentation. After review, the consulate sends payment instructions by email. Once the fee is paid and the application is approved, the visa is stamped in the passport. Processing typically takes about 5 working days after documentation and fees are received, though overall timelines range from 2 to 8 weeks depending on the consulate. Consular fees vary by nationality: approximately USD 100 for most nationalities, EUR 110 for EU citizens, and USD 290 for US citizens.

**From within Brazil:** Applicants already in Brazil (for example, on a tourist visa) can apply for residence authorization through the MigranteWeb online system, paying the GRU fees (approximately R$ 204.77 for the residence card plus R$ 168.13 for processing) and submitting documentation digitally. Processing may take up to 3 months.

After entering Brazil or receiving approval, holders must register with the Federal Police to obtain the CRNM (Carteira de Registro Nacional Migratório), which is required for opening bank accounts, signing contracts, and accessing public services. Registration must occur within 90 days of entry (consular route) or 30 days of approval publication (in-Brazil route).

Dependants (spouse, children) must apply separately for a family reunion visa (VITEM XI). Each requires proof of relationship and an additional ~USD 60/month in income above the primary applicant's threshold.

Up to 1 year, renewable once for an equal period (maximum 2 years total).

USD 1,500/month from a foreign source, OR at least USD 18,000 in available bank funds. Additional ~USD 60/month per dependant.

Portal de Imigração - Resolução Normativa No. 45

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - VITEM XIV

Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV)

The residence authorization itself is indefinite from approval; holders may apply for ordinary naturalization (Brazilian citizenship) after 4 years of continuous residence in Brazil, with proficiency in Portuguese and no criminal convictions, under…

Brazil's Innovation Investment Residence (Autorização de Residência para Investimento em Atividade de Inovação) is a residence pathway for foreign entrepreneurs who invest in innovative ventures, applied research, or scientific and technological activities in Brazil. Established by Resolução Normativa No. 13/2017, Art. 3, and administered by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, this track offers a reduced minimum investment of R$150,000 (approximately USD 30,000) compared to the standard R$500,000 required for general business investment, provided the receiving enterprise meets specific innovation criteria.

## Requirements

- Investment of at least R$150,000 in foreign currency in a Brazilian legal entity engaged in innovation, research, or scientific/technological activities
- Funds must be transferred through institutions authorized by the Banco Central do Brasil and registered as foreign direct investment via the RDE-IED system
- The receiving enterprise must meet at least one qualifying innovation condition:
  - Received investment, financing, or resources from a government institution for innovation
  - Located in a technology park (parque tecnológico)
  - Is an incubated or graduated company
  - Is a finalist in a government startup support program
  - Is a beneficiary of a startup accelerator in Brazil
  - Demonstrates originality, market penetration potential, and impact value
- A 3-year Investment or Business Plan demonstrating employment or income generation potential
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin, apostilled

## Required Documents

- Corporate bylaws or articles of incorporation showing foreign capital invested
- Proof of investment via Central Bank RDE-IED registration and foreign exchange contract
- Investment or Business Plan per Art. 4 of RN 13/2017
- Documentation proving the enterprise meets at least one qualifying innovation condition
- Passport valid for 6+ months
- Birth certificate (apostilled)
- Criminal background check (apostilled)

## Application Process

The entrepreneur prepares documentation including company formation documents, Central Bank investment registration (RDE-IED), and the Innovation Investment Plan. A local representative or attorney in Brazil typically handles company incorporation and registration. The residence authorization request is submitted electronically through the MigranteWeb system to the Ministry of Justice. Upon approval, the authorization is communicated to the Brazilian consulate, which issues the VITEM IX investment visa. After entering Brazil, the holder must register with the Federal Police within 90 days to obtain the CRNM. Applicants already in Brazil on a valid visa can apply directly through MigranteWeb. Up to three visas may be available per startup for key executives or founding investors.

## Duration & Renewal

The residence authorization is granted for an indefinite term from approval, contingent on compliance with the approved Investment or Business Plan. Documentation proving plan execution must be submitted to the Ministry of Justice up to 90 days before the end of the initially granted review period. The Ministry may consider economic context and employment potential when evaluating compliance. Processing typically takes 2-4 months for ministry review, with a total timeline of 5-12 months.

## Family Members

The principal applicant's spouse, partner, and dependent children can obtain derivative residence through the VITEM XI family reunification visa. Dependants do not need to make separate investments. Their residence authorization duration is tied to the principal applicant's authorization. Family members must independently register with the Federal Police to obtain their own CRNM cards.

## Tax Implications

Holders become Brazilian tax residents from the date of arrival and are subject to worldwide income taxation under progressive rates from 0% to 27.5%. Annual income tax declarations must be filed with the Receita Federal. The receiving enterprise must comply with corporate obligations including CNPJ registration, regular tax filings, and employment law compliance. Brazil has double taxation treaties with approximately 35 countries.

## Path to Citizenship

Holders may apply for ordinary naturalization after 4 years of continuous residence in Brazil, with proficiency in Portuguese and no criminal convictions. The residency period may be reduced to 1 year for applicants recommended for professional, scientific, or artistic abilities.

Spouse, partner, and dependent children via VITEM XI family reunification visa. No separate investment required.

Innovation Investment Residence

R$150,000 (~USD 30,000) invested in an innovation-driven Brazilian company

After the initial 4-year residence period, the authorization may be converted to indefinite term (prazo indeterminado) if the investment is maintained ; holders may apply for ordinary naturalization (Brazilian citizenship) after 4 years of…

Brazil's Real Estate Investor Residence (Autorização de Residência por Investimento Imobiliário) enables foreign nationals to reside in Brazil by purchasing urban real estate with their own foreign-sourced capital. Established by Resolução Normativa No. 36/2018 and administered by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, the program requires a minimum investment of R$1,000,000 (approximately USD 185,000) in urban property nationally, with a 30% discount to R$700,000 (approximately USD 130,000) for properties in Brazil's North and Northeast regions.

## Requirements

- Investment in urban real estate in Brazil meeting the minimum threshold (R$1,000,000 nationally or R$700,000 in the North/Northeast)
- Funds must be foreign-sourced capital transferred through institutions authorized by the Banco Central do Brasil
- Multiple properties may be combined to meet the minimum, but co-owners must each individually meet the threshold
- Financing is allowed only for amounts exceeding R$1,000,000 — the minimum must be fully funded with the investor's own foreign capital
- Only urban real estate qualifies (rural properties are excluded)
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin, apostilled

## Required Documents

**For completed properties:**
- Property registry (matrícula) proving ownership
- Bank declaration confirming international capital transfer

**For properties under construction:**
- Purchase promise contract (contrato de promessa de compra e venda)
- Bank declaration confirming capital transfer
- Construction permit (alvará de construção)
- Incorporation memorial (memorial de incorporação)

**General documents:**
- Passport valid for 6+ months
- Birth certificate (apostilled)
- Criminal background check (apostilled)

## Application Process

The investor first acquires urban real estate in Brazil meeting the minimum investment threshold, using foreign-sourced capital transferred through authorized financial institutions. The residence authorization request is submitted through the MigranteWeb system to the Ministry of Justice. Processing takes up to 180 calendar days. Upon approval, the authorization is communicated to the Brazilian consulate, which issues the VITEM IX investment visa. After entering Brazil, the holder must register with the Federal Police to obtain the CRNM. Applicants already in Brazil on a valid visa can apply directly through MigranteWeb.

## Duration & Renewal

The initial residence authorization is granted for 4 years. After this period, it can be converted to an indefinite term by demonstrating that the real estate investment is maintained (property remains in the applicant's name) and presenting a clean criminal record. The property must remain in the investor's name for the duration of the authorization — selling it may result in loss of residence status.

## Absence & Travel Rules

The investor must remain in Brazilian territory for a minimum of 14 days, whether consecutive or intermittent, every two years from their Federal Police registration date. Failure to meet this minimal presence requirement may result in loss of residence authorization. This is one of the lightest physical presence requirements among investor visa programs.

## Family Members

The principal applicant's spouse, partner (including stable union), dependent children, parents, grandparents, grandchildren, and siblings can obtain derivative residence through family reunification. Dependants do not require separate investment. Their residence authorization is tied to the principal applicant's authorization. Family members must independently register with the Federal Police to obtain their own CRNM cards.

## Tax Implications

Holders become Brazilian tax residents from the date of arrival and are subject to worldwide income taxation under progressive rates from 0% to 27.5%. Rental income from Brazilian properties is taxable. Annual income tax declarations must be filed by April 30. Property owners must also pay annual IPTU (municipal property tax). Brazil has double taxation treaties with approximately 35 countries.

## Path to Citizenship

Holders may apply for ordinary naturalization after 4 years of continuous residence, or after 3 years if the real estate investment exceeds R$1,000,000 (reduced naturalization period for qualifying property owners).

Spouse, partner (including stable union), dependent children, parents, grandparents, grandchildren, and siblings via family reunification. No separate investment required.

4-year initial residence, renewable to indefinite term if investment is maintained

R$1,000,000 (~USD 185,000) in urban real estate nationally, or R$700,000 (~USD 130,000) in the North/Northeast regions

Portal de Imigracao - Resolucao Normativa No. 36/2018

Real Estate Investor Residence

Temporary residence permit holders may apply for permanent residency (prazo indeterminado) after the initial temporary period, provided they continue to meet income requirements; permanent visa (VIPER) for retirees requires minimum monthly income of…

Brazil's Retirement and Pension Residence Permit (Visto Temporário XIV) enables foreign retirees and survivors' pension beneficiaries to reside in Brazil by demonstrating a stable monthly income of at least USD 2,000 from abroad. Governed by Resolução Normativa No. 40/2019, the program is administered by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security for in-Brazil applications and by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs through consulates for visa issuance. The program accepts not only pension income but also other regular and continuous sources such as investment returns and rental income, making it accessible to a broad range of retirees.

## Requirements

- Proof of retired or pension beneficiary status (retirement benefits, survivors' pension, or equivalent)
- Minimum monthly income of USD 2,000 in foreign currency, transferable to a Brazilian bank account
- Income may combine pension with other regular passive sources (investment returns, rental income)
- Valid health insurance or travel insurance covering Brazil for the duration of stay
- No specific educational, professional, or age requirements
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin and each country of residence in the past 5 years (issued within 90 days, apostilled)
- Holders may not engage in local economic activity in Brazil

## Required Documents

- Valid passport (6+ months validity, minimum 2 blank visa pages)
- Completed visa application form
- Passport-style colour photograph (white background)
- Birth certificate (apostilled and translated into Portuguese)
- Marriage certificate if applicable (apostilled and translated)
- Criminal background certificates (apostilled and translated)
- Official proof of retirement or pension status from the issuing institution
- Bank letter confirming ability to make international transfers to Brazil
- Bank statements demonstrating monthly income of at least USD 2,000
- Proof of health insurance valid in Brazil
- Consular fee payment receipt

## Application Process

There are two pathways. The first is applying for a VITEM XIV visa at a Brazilian consulate abroad: gather and apostille all documents, have them translated by a sworn translator if needed, complete the online application, submit in person, and pay the consular fee. Processing typically takes 5-10 business days, though some consulates may take 6-8 weeks during busy periods. The second is applying for residence authorization directly in Brazil via the MigranteWeb system, available to those already present on a valid status. After receiving the visa or authorization, registration with the Federal Police is required within 90 days (consular route) or 30 days (in-Brazil route) to obtain the CRNM identity card.

## Duration & Renewal

The initial temporary residence is granted for up to 2 years and is renewable by filing a renewal request with the Federal Police or Ministry of Justice, demonstrating continued retirement status and income capacity. After the initial period, holders may apply for permanent residency (prazo indeterminado) provided they continue to meet income requirements. The permanent visa requires a higher minimum monthly income of R$6,000 plus R$2,000 per additional dependant beyond two.

## Family Members

The base income of USD 2,000/month covers the applicant plus up to two legal dependants. Each additional dependant beyond two requires an extra R$2,000/month. Dependants include spouses and dependent minor children, who may apply together with the main applicant or separately through the family reunification visa (VITEM XI). All family members must provide apostilled and translated relationship documents and register independently with the Federal Police.

## Tax Implications

Brazil taxes residents on worldwide income. Tax residency is established after 183 days of physical presence in a 12-month period or upon holding a permanent visa. Progressive rates range from 0% to 27.5%, with income up to R$5,000/month exempt from January 2026. Brazil has double taxation treaties with over 35 countries that may provide relief on pension income. Holders must file annual income tax declarations and register for a CPF (taxpayer identification number).

## Path to Citizenship

Naturalization is available after 4 years of uninterrupted residence with permanent status. The period may be reduced to 1 year in certain cases, such as marriage to a Brazilian citizen.

Spouse and dependent children included. Base income covers applicant plus up to 2 dependants. Each additional dependant requires R$2,000/month extra.

Up to 2 years initial temporary residence, renewable. Can later convert to permanent residency.

USD 2,000/month from retirement benefits, survivors' pension, or other regular passive income. Covers applicant plus up to 2 dependants.

Portal de Imigracao - Resolucao Normativa No. 40

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - VITEM XIV Retirement Visa

Retirement and Pension Residence Permit

Chile

Temporary residents may apply for Residencia Definitiva (permanent residency) after 24 months of temporary residence as a general rule; investors with operating investments or businesses in Chile may qualify after just 12 months. Permanent residency…

Chile's Investor Temporary Residence Permit (Permiso de Residencia Temporal — Subcategoría de Inversionistas y Personal Relacionado) allows foreign nationals planning to invest USD 500,000 or more in Chilean productive activities to reside in the country on a temporary basis. Established under Law No. 21.325 of 2021 (Ley de Migración y Extranjería) and implemented through Decree No. 177 of 2022, the permit is administered by the Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (SERMIG), with a mandatory preliminary evaluation by InvestChile (the government's foreign investment promotion agency). The program targets entrepreneurs, corporate executives, and investors seeking to channel capital into Chilean businesses or development projects.

Two categories of applicants are eligible: (1) foreign natural persons, legal representatives, directors, and senior managers of foreign legal entities intending to invest USD 500,000 or more in Chile; and (2) directors, senior managers, and specialized technical personnel contracted by a company established in Chile where a foreign investor holds at least 10% of voting rights.

## Requirements

- Commitment to invest USD 500,000 or more in productive activities in Chile (goods or services — purely passive real estate holdings without economic activity do not qualify)
- InvestChile Sponsorship Letter (Carta de Patrocinio) obtained prior to submitting the immigration application
- Valid passport with at least 1 year of remaining validity
- Clean criminal record from country of origin or last 5 years of residence
- For related personnel (second track): the Chilean company must be controlled by a foreign investor with at least 10% of voting rights
- Applications must be submitted from outside Chile; applicants already in Chile cannot switch to this subcategory without leaving first

## Required Documents

- Valid passport (minimum 1-year validity)
- Criminal record certificate from country of origin or residence for the last 5 years (apostilled/legalized, issued within 60 days)
- Recent color photograph (white background, neutral expression, JPG or PNG)
- InvestChile Sponsorship Letter (Carta de Patrocinio)
- Investment project details or evidence of investment
- For established businesses: tax registration certificate, electronic tax folder, municipal business license payment proof, corporate articles and amendments, last 3 VAT payments, most recent tax balance and return
- All documents not in Spanish or English must include certified translations; foreign documents must be apostilled or legalized; uploaded in PDF format (max 2 MB per file)

## Duration & Renewal

The permit is valid for up to 2 years. Successive extensions of up to 2 years are available as long as investment requirements continue to be met. Extension applications must be submitted before the current permit expires and include: electronic tax folder, municipal business license payment proof, employment/income documentation, and evidence of investment progress.

Investors with active operating investments or businesses may apply for permanent residency (Residencia Definitiva) after 12 months of temporary residence; others must hold temporary residence for 24 months. Permanent residents who remain outside Chile for more than 365 consecutive days risk losing their status. Chilean citizenship (Carta de Nacionalización) requires 5 years of continuous residence from the electronic stamp date.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children may apply as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. The dependant permit validity is tied to the principal applicant's permit expiry date. Dependants must submit their own criminal record certificates (if aged 18+), passport copies, photographs, and proof of the family relationship (apostilled/legalized). Dependants are not permitted to work independently; separate work authorization or their own residence permit in an appropriate subcategory would be required.

## Tax Implications

Foreigners establishing residency in Chile are taxed only on Chilean-source income for the first 3 years; this period may be extended upon application. After the exemption period, worldwide income is subject to Chile's progressive Global Complementary Tax (4%–35.5%). Tax residency is triggered by spending more than 6 consecutive months in Chile in a calendar year, or 6 non-consecutive months over 2 years. No local income taxes exist — only central government taxes apply.

## Application Process

The process follows two stages:

1. **InvestChile sponsorship:** Submit the investment project details through InvestChile's online portal (tools.investchile.gob.cl/carta-patrocinio). InvestChile evaluates the economic viability and productive nature of the investment and, if requirements are met, issues the sponsorship letter.
2. **SERMIG application:** With the sponsorship letter in hand, submit the temporary residence application through SERMIG's Digital Procedures Portal (tramites.serviciomigraciones.cl), uploading all required documents in PDF format. Processing takes 1–3 months. Upon approval, the applicant receives an electronic stamp (estampado electrónico) and has 90 days to enter Chile, at which point the permit validity begins.

Upon entering Chile, the permit holder must register with the Civil Registry (Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación) to obtain a Chilean foreigner ID card, register with the tax authority (SII) for business activities, and obtain a municipal business license (patente municipal) from the relevant local government.

Spouse and dependent children may apply as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. Dependant permit validity is tied to the principal applicant's permit expiry date. Dependants are not permitted to engage in paid employment independently; separate work authorization would be required.

Up to 2 years, extendable for successive 2-year periods as long as investment requirements continue to be met. Investors with active businesses may apply for permanent residency after 12 months; others after 24 months.

Minimum investment in Chilean productive activities (goods or services). A sponsorship letter from InvestChile is required before the immigration application can proceed.

SERMIG — Investors and Related Personnel

InvestChile — Sponsorship Letter for Investors

SERMIG — Residencia Temporal Permit

Investor Temporary Residence Permit

The Residencia Temporal para Extranjeros Jubilados y Rentistas (Temporary Residence for Retired Foreigners and Rentiers) is a subcategory of Chile's temporary residence permit established under Law No. 21.325 of 2021 (Ley de Migración y Extranjería), specifically Article 70, numeral 12. The program is administered by the Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (SERMIG) and targets two categories of foreign nationals: retirees (jubilados) receiving a pension from their country of origin or residence, and rentiers (rentistas) deriving constant income from real estate or financial assets. Notably, unlike many comparable programs worldwide, Chilean law grants all temporary residents — including jubilados and rentistas — the right to engage in paid employment (Article 73, Law No. 21.325).

## Requirements

- **For jubilados (retirees):** Pension obtained in accordance with the regulations of the country of origin, with income sufficient to cover the applicant's basic needs in Chile as defined by Ministry of Social Development indicators
- **For rentistas (rentiers):** Constant income derived from exploitation of real estate or financial assets, sufficient to cover basic needs during the stay
- No fixed monetary income threshold is published — adequacy is assessed on a case-by-case basis
- Applications must be submitted from outside Chile
- No minimum age, educational, or professional qualifications required

## Required Documents

**For jubilados (retirees):**
- Valid passport (minimum 1-year validity from application date)
- Criminal record certificate from country of origin (maximum 60 days old, apostilled/legalized, required for applicants aged 18+)
- Recent color photograph (white background, neutral expression)
- Retirement certificate specifying income amount and payment period (apostilled/legalized)
- Most recent pension payment receipt (apostilled/legalized)

**For rentistas — real estate income:**
- Valid passport and criminal record certificate (as above)
- Ownership certificate from competent authority (not required if property is in Chile)
- Lease contract stipulating regular payments (apostilled/legalized)
- Documents proving lease income

**For rentistas — financial assets:**
- Valid passport and criminal record certificate (as above)
- Ownership certificate of financial assets (not required if assets are Chilean)
- Documents demonstrating income from financial assets

All documents not in Spanish or English require certified translation. Private documents are valid for 30 days; public documents for 60 days. Files must be uploaded in PDF format (max 2 MB per file).

## Duration & Renewal

The initial permit is valid for up to 2 years. Extensions of up to 2 additional years are available and must be applied for within the last 90 days before the current permit expires, from within Chile, through the SERMIG digital portal. Applicants must demonstrate continued retiree or rentier status and sufficient income.

Permanent residency (Residencia Definitiva) is expressly available to this subcategory under Article 70 of Law No. 21.325. Applicants demonstrating pension or passive income may qualify after 12 months of temporary residence rather than the standard 24 months.

## Family Members

Spouse or cohabiting partner and children (under 18, persons with disabilities, or aged 18–24 if studying at state-recognised institutions) may be included as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. Dependants are authorised to engage in paid work. The principal applicant must demonstrate income sufficient to maintain all dependants. Family relationships must be proven through apostilled/legalized documentation (marriage or birth certificates).

## Tax Implications

Foreigners who spend more than 6 months in Chile in a calendar year (or over a period of two years) become tax residents. During the first 3 years of tax residency, only Chilean-source income is taxed; an additional 3-year extension may be requested. After this period, worldwide income is subject to Chile's progressive Global Complementary Tax (0%–40%). Non-residents are taxed only on Chilean-source income at rates of 15% (professional/technical services) or 35% (other income).

## Application Process

Applications must be submitted from outside Chile through SERMIG's Portal de Trámites Digitales (tramites.serviciomigraciones.cl). The process requires:

1. Create an account or authenticate via ClaveÚnica on the SERMIG portal
2. Select "Solicitud de Residencias Temporales para Extranjeros fuera de Chile"
3. Complete the online form and upload all required documents in PDF format
4. Pay the applicable fee through Chile's Treasury portal (fees vary by nationality)
5. Upon approval, receive an electronic stamp (Estampado Electrónico) and enter Chile within 90 days

Upon arrival, holders must apply for a Chilean identity card (Cédula de Identidad) at the Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación within 30 days of the permit taking effect, and notify SERMIG of any change of address within 30 days.

Spouse or cohabiting partner and children (under 18, persons with disabilities, or aged 18–24 if actively studying at state-recognised institutions) may be included as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. Dependants are authorised to engage in paid work. The principal applicant must demonstrate income sufficient to maintain all dependants.

Up to 2 years initial validity, extendable for up to 2 additional years. Permanent residency (Residencia Definitiva) is expressly available to this subcategory; applicants demonstrating pension or passive income may qualify after 12 months of temporary residence rather than the standard 24 months.

No fixed monetary threshold. Income must be sufficient to cover the applicant's basic needs during their stay in Chile, as determined by indicators from the Ministry of Social Development and Family. Accepted sources: pension/retirement income (jubilados) or passive income from real estate or financial assets (rentistas).

SERMIG — Retired Foreigners and Leasers (Subcategory)

SERMIG — Extension of Residencia Temporal Permit

Residencia Temporal para Jubilados y Rentistas

Start-Up Chile is a public accelerator program operated by CORFO (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción), Chile's Economic Development Agency. Created in 2010 to position Chile as Latin America's innovation and entrepreneurship hub, the program accepts technology-based startup founders from around the world and provides equity-free funding, mentorship, co-working space, and visa support. Foreign entrepreneurs accepted into the program receive a two-year temporary residence work visa processed through SERMIG in coordination with Start-Up Chile. The program has built a network of more than 3,000 startups and 6,000 founders from over 85 countries.

Start-Up Chile operates three program lines:
- **Build** (pre-acceleration, 4 months): up to CLP 15 million (~USD 17,500) for early-stage startups
- **Ignite** (acceleration, 4 months): up to CLP 25 million (~USD 29,000) with a possible CLP 20 million extension; requires a functional product
- **Growth** (scale, 8 months): up to CLP 75 million (~USD 87,500) for scaling ventures

All funding is equity-free — CORFO takes no ownership stake.

## Requirements

- Founders or partners in a technology-based, innovative, scalable, and high-impact venture
- Must be 18 years or older
- Foreign applicants apply as individuals, not as legal entities
- Traditional businesses do not qualify — only technology-based, innovative ventures are eligible
- Ignite requires a functional product (not just an idea) and less than 3 years of development history
- Participants must commit to residing in Chile for a minimum of 6 months during the program and attend mandatory events in person (program is based in Santiago)
- No formal educational or professional qualifications required
- No personal financial proof required for the program application

## Required Documents

For program application (via Charly.io platform):
- Startup details, team information, and business plan submitted through the online form

For visa application:
- Valid passport (minimum 1-year validity)
- Criminal record certificate with apostille (not exceeding 60 days old, required for applicants aged 18+)
- Recent color photograph (white background)
- Sponsorship/recommendation letter from Start-Up Chile or CORFO

## Duration & Renewal

The two-year work visa covers the program duration. Extension or renewal follows standard residencia temporal procedures through SERMIG, requiring evidence of continued lawful activity. Residencia temporal is renewable for two consecutive additional two-year periods. Holders may apply for permanent residency (Residencia Definitiva) after two years of continuous residence.

## Family Members

Spouse and children may qualify as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. The two-year work visa is also available for the entire startup team. Adult family members of visa holders may work independently without separate sponsorship.

## Tax Implications

Selected startups must formalize as Chilean enterprises by registering with the Servicio de Impuestos Internos (SII). Foreign nationals are taxed only on Chilean-source income during the first 3 years of residence, after which worldwide income taxation applies under Chile's progressive Global Complementary Tax.

## Application Process

The application process has two stages:

1. **Program selection:** Apply through the Charly.io platform (startupchile.charly.io) during open convocation periods (typically two per year). The process involves submitting the application form, eligibility review, expert evaluation by judges, interviews for shortlisted candidates, committee review, and final selection announcement. Build accepts up to 50 startups per cohort, Ignite up to 30, and Growth 10–15.

2. **Visa processing:** Upon acceptance, Start-Up Chile provides a sponsorship/recommendation letter and handles the visa process in coordination with SERMIG. The visa application is submitted from outside Chile through SERMIG's digital portal (tramites.extranjeria.gob.cl) or at a Chilean consulate. Standard processing time is 6–12 months; under the 2023 SERMIG-InvestChile-Start-Up Chile cooperation agreement, accelerated processing for technology sector applicants takes approximately 15 working days. Visa processing costs are reimbursed by Start-Up Chile for selected participants.

Upon arrival, participants must formalize their startup as a Chilean enterprise (register with SII), hire advanced human capital, connect with the national ecosystem, and attend mandatory Start-Up Chile events. English is the official communication language for the program.

Spouse and children may qualify as dependants under Article 74 of Law No. 21.325. Adult family members of visa holders may work independently without separate sponsorship. The two-year work visa is available for the entire startup team.

Two-year temporary residence work visa for foreign founders and team members. Renewable following standard residencia temporal procedures. Permanent residency may be applied for after 2 years of continuous residence.

Start-Up Chile — Apply

Start-Up Chile — FAQs

Start-Up Chile

No personal capital requirement. CORFO provides equity-free funding directly: Build program up to CLP 15 million (~USD 17,500); Ignite up to CLP 25 million (~USD 29,000) with a possible CLP 20 million extension; Growth up to CLP 75 million (~USD 87,500). Visa processing costs are reimbursed by Start-Up Chile for selected participants.

Colombia

After holding the Visa M Inversionista continuously for a minimum of 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente) under Article 90 of Resolución 5477 (accumulated time pathway). The Visa R is valid for 5 years and must be renewed before…

Colombia's Visa M Inversionista is the country's primary investment-based residence visa, allowing foreign nationals to live in Colombia on the basis of qualifying capital investments. Established under Article 79 of Resolución 5477 of 2022, it offers two investment pathways: purchasing Colombian real estate worth at least 350 SMLMV (approximately COP 613 million / USD 150,000 for 2026), or making registered foreign direct investment of at least 650 SMLMV (approximately COP 1,138 million / USD 280,000) through the Banco de la República. The minimum thresholds are tied to Colombia's legal monthly minimum wage and increase annually.

## Investment Pathways

- **Real estate:** The property must be titled exclusively in the foreign investor's name with a registered value of at least 350 SMLMV. Shared ownership with another person does not qualify. Proof is provided through the Certificado de Tradición y Libertad and foreign investment extracts from the Banco de la República.
- **Foreign direct investment:** Capital invested and registered with the Banco de la República's foreign exchange system must exceed 650 SMLMV. All funds must enter Colombia through legal channels as registered foreign investment.

Investors are advised to invest above minimum thresholds to create a buffer against annual SMLMV increases that could affect compliance at renewal.

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity and blank visa pages
- Recent passport-style photograph (3x4 cm, white background, JPG format)
- Proof of qualifying investment (Certificado de Tradición y Libertad for real estate, or Banco de la República investment registration for direct investment)
- Bank statements from the 3 months prior to application demonstrating economic solvency
- Health insurance valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation
- Criminal background certificate may be requested (apostilled and translated to Spanish)

## Application Process

The application is submitted entirely online through the Cancillería's visa portal. After creating an account and uploading documents, the applicant pays a non-refundable study fee of USD 54. The Ministry reviews the application within 30 calendar days and may request additional documentation. If approved, the issuance fee of USD 270 must be paid within 10 days, after which the e-visa is delivered by email.

## After Arrival

- Register with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days of entry or visa issuance
- Obtain the cédula de extranjería (foreign ID card), which serves as primary identification for all legal and financial purposes
- Report any changes in address, marital status, or circumstances to Migración Colombia within 15 days

## Absence Rules

Absence from Colombia exceeding 180 consecutive days results in automatic cancellation of the visa. Short trips abroad are permitted and do not interrupt the accumulation of time toward permanent residency, provided the 180-day threshold is not exceeded.

## Employment Restrictions

The visa does not include a general work permit. It authorizes the holder to manage or oversee their investment. Real estate investors are not authorized to work for Colombian companies under this visa alone.

## Tax Implications

Foreign nationals present in Colombia for 183 or more days within any 365-day period become tax residents and must report worldwide income to DIAN. Real estate owners are subject to annual property tax and must report rental income. Non-residents are taxed only on Colombian-source income.

## Path to Residency

After holding the Visa M Inversionista continuously for 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente) under Article 90 of Resolución 5477. The previous framework allowed large investors to obtain residency directly, but this pathway was eliminated in October 2022 — all investors must now start with the Visa M and accumulate 5 years. The Visa R is valid for 5 years and can lead to Colombian citizenship through naturalization.

Spouse or permanent partner and economically dependent children under 25 (or disabled children of any age). Each dependant applies separately as a beneficiary visa holder.

Up to 3 years; first-time applicants may receive 1 year initially, with renewals granted for up to 3 years.

Minimum real estate investment of 350 SMLMV (approximately USD 150,000 for 2026), or registered foreign direct investment of at least 650 SMLMV (approximately USD 280,000) with the Banco de la República.

Visa M Inversionista — Cancillería

Online Visa Application Portal

Visa Fees and Payment — Cancillería

Migración Colombia — Cédula de Extranjería

Visa M Inversionista

After holding the Visa M Pensionado continuously for a minimum of 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente) under Article 90 of Resolución 5477 (accumulated time pathway). The Visa R is valid for 5 years and must be transferred/renewed…

Colombia's Visa M Pensionado is a Migrant-type residence visa for foreign nationals who receive a lifelong pension, allowing them to reside in Colombia on the basis of their retirement income. Established under Article 77 of Resolución 5477 of 2022, it requires a monthly pension of at least 3 SMMLV (approximately USD 1,300 for 2026) from any lawful source — whether government, private, or institutional. The pension must be a lifelong ("pensión vitalicia") payment; lump-sum retirement savings, annuities with a defined end date, or voluntary withdrawals from retirement accounts do not qualify. Social Security retirement benefits from countries such as the United States generally do qualify.

## Eligibility

- Must receive a lifelong pension from a lawful source
- No minimum age requirement — eligibility is based on pension income, not age
- No nationality restrictions
- No specific education or professional experience requirements

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Recent passport-style photograph (white background, max 300 KB, JPG format)
- Certification recognizing the payment of a lifelong pension of at least 3 SMMLV, issued by the competent entity, apostilled or legalized and translated to Spanish (issued within 3 months of application)
- Criminal background certificate from country of residence during the last 3 years (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish)
- Health insurance valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation

## Application Process

The application is submitted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. Applicants complete the electronic form including a declaration of the origin of pension income, upload documents, and pay a non-refundable study fee of USD 54. The Ministry reviews the application within 30 calendar days and may request additional documentation or an interview. If approved, the issuance fee of USD 270 must be paid within 10 calendar days. The e-visa is then delivered to the applicant's email.

## After Arrival

- Register with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days of entry or visa issuance
- Obtain the cédula de extranjería (foreign ID card) within the same 15-day period; failure to register can result in fines up to 7 SMMLV
- Report any changes in address or circumstances to Migración Colombia within 15 days

## Employment Restrictions

The visa does not permit the holder to work in Colombian territory. Holders may not engage in employment or provide services to Colombian companies. However, holders may study in Colombia if the visa validity is 90 days or more.

## Absence Rules

Absence from Colombia exceeding 180 consecutive calendar days results in automatic termination of the visa. Short trips abroad are permitted and do not interrupt the accumulation of time toward permanent residency.

## Tax Implications

Foreign nationals present in Colombia for 183 or more days within any 365-day period become tax residents and must report worldwide income to DIAN. Pension income from foreign sources becomes taxable once fiscal residency is established. Colombia has double taxation treaties with several countries that may affect the treatment of foreign pension income.

## Compared to Visa V Rentista

The Pensionado visa differs from the Visa V Rentista in key ways: it requires only 3 SMMLV (vs. 10 SMMLV for the Rentista), is valid for up to 3 years (vs. 2 years), and most importantly counts toward permanent residency as a Migrant-type visa (the Rentista, classified as Visitor-type, does not).

## Path to Residency

After holding the Visa M Pensionado continuously for 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente). Under the previous framework, pension holders could obtain residency directly; Resolución 5477 eliminated this pathway in October 2022. The Visa R is valid for 5 years and can lead to Colombian citizenship through naturalization.

Spouse or permanent partner, economically dependent children under 25, and disabled children of any age. No additional income threshold for dependants beyond the principal's 3 SMMLV.

Up to 3 years; first-time applicants may receive 1 year, with renewals granted for up to 3 years.

Minimum lifelong pension of 3 SMMLV per month (approximately COP 5,252,715 or USD 1,300 for 2026). Must be a lifelong pension from any lawful source.

Visa M Pensionado — Cancillería

Visa M Pensionado

After holding the Visa M Profesional Independiente continuously for a minimum of 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente) under Article 90 of Resolución 5477 (accumulated time pathway). Multiple Visa M categories can be combined to…

Colombia's Visa M Profesional Independiente is a self-sponsored Migrant-type residence visa for foreign nationals who wish to practice a profession or skilled activity independently, without employer sponsorship. Established under Article 76 of Resolución 5477 of 2022, it is the only work-authorized M-visa category in Colombia that does not require employer or institutional sponsorship. The visa covers both regulated professions requiring a Colombian professional license and non-regulated activities where the applicant demonstrates expertise and experience.

## Eligibility

- **Regulated professions (medicine, law, engineering, accounting, etc.):** Must hold a convalidated professional degree from the Ministerio de Educación Nacional, plus the professional card (tarjeta profesional), license, or provisional permit from the relevant professional council
- **Non-regulated professions:** Must hold a convalidated professional title
- **Experience-based activities:** Must provide at least 3 certificates of professional experience in the relevant field
- Must demonstrate average monthly income of at least 5 SMLMV (approximately USD 2,150 for 2026) through bank certification covering the preceding 6 months

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity and blank visa pages
- Recent passport-style photograph (3x4 cm, white background, JPG format, max 300 KB)
- Proof of professional credentials (convalidación, professional card/license, or experience certificates as applicable)
- Bank certification issued within 30 days showing account opening date, product types, and average monthly balance for the last 6 months
- Health insurance valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation
- For renewals: Colombian bank certification is required (foreign bank statements accepted only for first-time applicants)

## Degree Validation Process

The convalidación process with the Ministerio de Educación Nacional can take several months and must be completed before the visa application. Not all foreign degrees are automatically recognized — the Ministry evaluates equivalency with Colombian educational standards. For regulated professions, obtaining the professional card or license from the relevant professional council is an additional step and may require passing examinations.

## Application Process

The application is submitted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. After uploading documents and completing the form, the applicant pays a non-refundable study fee of USD 54. The Ministry reviews the application within 30 calendar days. If approved, the issuance fee of USD 270 must be paid, and the e-visa is delivered by email.

## After Arrival

- Register with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days and obtain the cédula de extranjería
- Register with DIAN and obtain a RUT (tax identification) if becoming a fiscal resident
- Make social security contributions (health, pension, and professional risk insurance) as required for self-employed workers
- Maintain valid professional registration with the relevant council throughout the visa period

## Employment Restrictions

The work permit is exclusively for independent practice of the profession stated in the application. The holder may not work for a Colombian employer under an employment contract. Changing professions requires a new visa application.

## Absence Rules

Absence from Colombia exceeding 180 consecutive days results in automatic cancellation of the visa. Short trips abroad do not interrupt accumulation of time toward permanent residency.

## Tax Implications

Foreign nationals present in Colombia for 183 or more days within any 365-day period become tax residents, subject to progressive income tax rates up to 39% on worldwide income. Non-residents are taxed at a flat 35% on Colombian-source income only. Independent professionals must register with DIAN and file annual income tax returns.

## Path to Residency

After holding the Visa M continuously for 5 years (multiple M-visa categories can be combined), the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente). The Visa R is valid for 5 years and can lead to Colombian citizenship through naturalization.

Spouse or permanent partner, economically dependent children under 25, and disabled children of any age. Each dependant applies separately as a beneficiary visa holder.

Up to 3 years; first-time applicants may receive a shorter initial period.

Average monthly income of at least 5 SMLMV (approximately COP 8,754,525 or USD 2,150 for 2026), demonstrated via bank certification for the preceding 6 months.

Visa M Profesional Independiente — Cancillería

Visa M Profesional Independiente

Must hold validated professional credentials (convalidación de título) from the Ministerio de Educación Nacional, or demonstrate professional experience through certifications for non-degree-based activities.

After holding the Visa M Socio o Propietario continuously for a minimum of 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente) under Article 90 of Resolución 5477 (accumulated time pathway). The Visa R is valid for 5 years and must be renewed…

Colombia's Visa M Socio o Propietario is the country's entrepreneur visa, enabling foreign nationals to reside in Colombia while establishing, owning, or holding a shareholding in a Colombian commercial company. Established under Article 75 of Resolución 5477 of 2022, it requires a minimum capital participation of 100 SMLMV (approximately USD 46,690 for 2026) and grants a work permit restricted exclusively to the company in which the holder is a partner, shareholder, or owner. Unlike the Visa M Inversionista (for passive real estate or financial investment), this visa requires active business involvement.

## Eligibility

- Must have constituted a company in Colombia, acquired participation in an operating Colombian commercial company, or registered foreign investment in a Colombian company
- Minimum capital participation of 100 SMLMV at the date of application
- No formal education or professional qualifications required
- The company must be legally constituted and registered before the visa can be applied for

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity and blank visa pages
- Recent passport-style photograph (3x4 cm, white background, JPG format)
- Letter stating the company's business name, address, NIT (tax ID), main activity, and number of direct jobs generated
- Proof of constitution, participation, or acquisition of paid capital in a commercial company (minimum 100 SMLMV), with bank statements
- For stock companies: certificate of shareholder composition signed by a certified public accountant showing the applicant holds at least 100 SMLMV
- Evidence of the company's economic activity and solvency: bank statements from the 3 months prior, tax returns, social security contribution records, lease agreements, and/or industry and commerce tax payments
- Health insurance valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation

## Application Process

The application is submitted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. After completing the form and uploading documents, the applicant pays a non-refundable study fee of USD 54. The Ministry reviews the application within 30 calendar days and may request additional documentation. If approved, the issuance fee of USD 270 must be paid within 10 calendar days. The e-visa is delivered by email. All documents from outside Colombia must be apostilled or legalized and translated to Spanish.

## After Arrival

- Register with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days and obtain the cédula de extranjería
- Report any changes in company information, address, or circumstances to Migración Colombia within 15 days
- Comply with Colombian commercial and corporate law, including financial reporting, tax filings, and employee social security contributions

## Employment Restrictions

The work permit is strictly limited to the company named in the application. Holders cannot work for other employers or operate a second business under this visa.

## Maintaining the Visa

The capital participation must be maintained throughout the entire visa validity period. Selling the shareholding, withdrawing from the company, or reducing participation below 100 SMLMV invalidates the visa and prevents renewal. Since the SMLMV threshold increases annually with wage adjustments, entrepreneurs should invest above the minimum to provide a buffer.

## Absence Rules

Absence from Colombia exceeding 180 consecutive calendar days results in automatic cancellation of the visa. A holder who remains outside Colombia beyond this threshold also loses the right to maintain the cédula de extranjería.

## Tax Implications

Foreign nationals present in Colombia for 183 or more days within any 365-day period become tax residents and must report worldwide income to DIAN. Business income and dividends from the Colombian company are subject to Colombian taxation. Non-residents are taxed only on Colombian-source income.

## Compared to Visa M Inversionista

The Socio o Propietario visa has a lower minimum threshold (100 SMLMV vs. 350/650 SMLMV for the Inversionista) but requires active business involvement and limits the work permit to the specific company. The Inversionista visa is for passive investment and does not include a work permit.

## Path to Residency

After holding the Visa M continuously for 5 years, the holder may apply for a Visa R (Residente). The Visa R is valid for 5 years and can lead to Colombian citizenship through naturalization.

Visa M Socio o Propietario — Cancillería

Visa M Socio o Propietario

Minimum capital participation of 100 SMLMV (approximately COP 175,090,500 or USD 46,690 for 2026) in a Colombian commercial company.

Colombia's Visa V Nómada Digital is a Visitor-type (Type V) visa that allows foreign nationals to reside in Colombia while working remotely for employers or clients located exclusively outside the country, or to launch digital content or information technology ventures. The program was established by Resolución 5477 of 22 July 2022 and entered into force on 22 October 2022. It targets three profiles: remote employees under contract with foreign companies, independent workers or freelancers providing services to foreign clients, and digital entrepreneurs establishing content or IT ventures of interest to Colombia.

## Eligibility

- Must hold a passport from a visa-exempt country as established by Resolución 5488 of 2022
- Must demonstrate remote employment, freelance work for foreign clients, or a digital/IT entrepreneurship project
- Must earn at least three times Colombia's monthly minimum wage (approximately USD 1,414/month for 2026)
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- No age restrictions

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity and blank pages for visa sticker
- Recent digital colour photograph with white background (max 300 KB)
- Letter from foreign employer indicating work relationship and remuneration, or proof of freelance contract with a foreign entity, or proof of business ownership with remote work documentation
- For entrepreneurs: motivational letter explaining the venture and its financial and human resources
- Bank statements for the preceding 3 months showing minimum income of 3 times the legal monthly minimum wage
- Health insurance policy valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation for the entire duration of stay
- If applying from within Colombia: copy of entry stamp or migration authority authorisation

## Application Process

The entire application is conducted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. Applicants create an account, select visa Type V — Nómadas Digitales, complete the electronic form, and upload all required documents in digital format. After submission, the system generates a payment reference number and the study fee (USD 54) must be paid within 10 calendar days. The visa authority has up to 30 calendar days to issue a decision. If approved, the issuance fee (USD 177) must be paid within 10 calendar days. The e-visa is then delivered electronically. Foreign-issued documents must bear an apostille or legalisation and an official Spanish translation.

## After Arrival

- Register the visa with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days of entry
- Apply for a Cédula de Extranjería (Foreign ID Card) if the visa is valid for more than 3 months
- Report any change of address to Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days
- Maintain valid health insurance for the entire duration of stay

## Restrictions

- Remote work only — the holder may not perform any remunerated activity for any person or company domiciled in Colombia
- Only available to passport holders from visa-exempt countries under Resolución 5488
- No formal renewal process; a completely new application must be submitted before the current visa expires

## Tax Implications

Colombia applies a 183-day rule: foreigners present in the country for more than 183 days (continuous or discontinuous) within any 365-day period become tax residents and must declare worldwide income. Non-residents are taxed only on Colombian-source income. Digital nomads earning exclusively from foreign sources and staying under 183 days generally have no Colombian income tax obligation.

## Path to Residency

The V-type visa does not directly lead to permanent residency. Holders must transition to an M-type (Migrante) visa and accumulate the required time in that category before applying for an R-type (Residente) visa.

## Short-Stay Alternative

Digital nomads from visa-exempt countries may also enter Colombia without a visa on a Permiso de Ingreso and work remotely for up to 90 days, extendable to a maximum of 180 days per calendar year, provided they receive no payments from Colombian entities. This option requires no formal visa application but limits the stay compared to the 2-year digital nomad visa.

Spouse or permanent partner, children up to 25 years of age, and children with physical or mental disability may be included as beneficiaries. They must demonstrate economic dependency on the principal visa holder. No additional income requirement for dependants.

Up to 2 years with multiple entries; no formal renewal — a new application must be submitted before the current visa expires

Three times Colombia's legal monthly minimum wage (approximately COP 5,252,715 or USD 1,414 per month for 2026), demonstrated via bank statements for the preceding 3 months

Visa V Nómadas Digitales — Cancillería

Visa V Nómada Digital

Colombia's Visa V Rentista is a Visitor-type visa for foreign nationals who receive periodic passive income from lawful, verifiable sources. Established under Article 56 of Resolución 5477 of 2022, it accepts a broad range of passive income types including annuity payments, rental income (including from Colombian properties), investment dividends, and other regular payments. Unlike the Visa M Pensionado, the income does not need to be a lifelong pension. A critical change introduced in October 2022 was the reclassification of this visa from the Migrant (M) to the Visitor (V) category, meaning time spent under it no longer counts toward permanent residency.

## Eligibility

- Must receive periodic passive income of at least 10 SMMLV per month (approximately USD 4,250 for 2026)
- Income must come from a lawful and verifiable source
- No specific education, professional experience, or age requirements
- No nationality restrictions

## Requirements

- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Recent passport-style photograph (white background, max 300 KB, JPG format)
- Written visa request declaring the origin of income
- Certification from the entity paying the income, specifying the amount (at least 10 SMMLV), or proof of ownership of Colombian property generating income of at least 10 SMMLV
- Bank statements from the 6 months prior to application showing regular income deposits
- Criminal background certificate from country of residence during the last 3 years (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish)
- Health insurance valid in Colombia covering accident, illness, maternity, disability, hospitalization, death, and repatriation

## Application Process

The application is submitted online through the Cancillería's visa portal. Applicants complete the form including a declaration of the origin of passive income, upload documents, and pay a non-refundable study fee of USD 54. The Ministry reviews the application within 30 calendar days. If approved, the issuance fee of USD 177 must be paid within 10 calendar days. The e-visa is delivered to the applicant's email.

## After Arrival

- Register with Migración Colombia within 15 calendar days of entry or visa issuance
- Obtain the cédula de extranjería; failure to register within 15 days can result in fines up to 7 SMMLV
- Report any changes in address or circumstances to Migración Colombia within 15 days

## Employment Restrictions

The visa does not permit the holder to work in Colombian territory. Holders may not engage in employment or provide services to Colombian companies. Holders may study in Colombia if the visa validity is 90 days or more.

## Absence Rules

Absence from Colombia exceeding 180 consecutive calendar days results in automatic termination of the visa. Short trips abroad are permitted.

## Tax Implications

Foreign nationals present in Colombia for 183 or more days within any 365-day period become tax residents and must report worldwide income to DIAN. Passive income from any source becomes taxable once fiscal residency is established. Rental income from Colombian properties is taxable regardless of residency status.

## No Path to Residency

As a Visitor (V) category visa, the Rentista does not count toward the 5-year requirement for permanent residency. This is a significant change from the previous framework (Resolución 6045 of 2017), when the Rentista was classified as M-type and did lead to residency. Foreign nationals seeking a passive income pathway to permanent residency should consider the Visa M Pensionado if they hold a lifelong pension.

## Compared to Visa M Pensionado

The Rentista requires 10 SMMLV in passive income versus only 3 SMMLV for the Pensionado. The Pensionado is valid for up to 3 years versus 2 years for the Rentista. Most critically, the Pensionado (M-type) counts toward permanent residency while the Rentista (V-type) does not. The Rentista visa does not require income to be lifelong, however, making it suitable for income from fixed-term annuities, rental agreements, or investment portfolios.

Spouse or permanent partner, economically dependent children under 25, and disabled children of any age. No additional income threshold for dependants beyond the principal's 10 SMMLV.

Up to 2 years, renewable indefinitely as long as the income requirement continues to be met.

Minimum periodic passive income of 10 SMMLV per month (approximately COP 17,509,050 or USD 4,250 for 2026) from lawful, verifiable sources such as annuities, rental income, dividends, or investment returns.

Visa Normativa — Cancillería

Visa V Rentista

Ecuador

After at least 21 continuous months of temporary residence, eligible for permanent residence (indefinite duration) under Article 63 of the LOMH; permanent residence application fee: USD 50 + USD 225 = USD 275; after 3 years as permanent resident…

Ecuador's Visa de Residencia Temporal Inversionista is a residence-by-investment visa for foreign nationals who make capital investments in Ecuadorian assets. Established under Article 60 of the Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana (LOMH), it allows investors to reside in Ecuador and conduct productive and commercial activities, serve as legal representatives, agents, or administrators. As a temporary residence visa of exception, it offers significant flexibility — holders are not subject to maximum periods of stay outside Ecuador and enjoy unlimited entries and exits.

## Requirements

- Investment of at least 100 Salarios Básicos Unificados (SBU) — USD 48,200 for 2026 — in one of the following:
  - Time deposit certificate from a recognized Ecuadorian financial institution for a minimum of 730 days (2 years)
  - Real estate purchase registered with the Registro de la Propiedad
  - Share or participation certificates in an Ecuadorian company registered with the Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros
  - Public deed of investment contract with the Ecuadorian State
  - Public deed of delegated management contract with government entities
  - Administrative contract with the State
- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin or countries of residence during the past 5 years (apostilled or legalized, translated to Spanish)
- Proof of lawful origin of funds
- Payment of application and issuance fees (USD 320 total)

## Required Documents

- Colour photograph (5x5 cm, white background, JPG format, max 1 MB)
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity
- Criminal background certificate (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish if needed)
- One of the qualifying investment documents listed above, with a minimum value of 100 SBU
- Proof of lawful means of livelihood
- Fee payment receipts

## Investment Options

The minimum investment threshold is tied to Ecuador's SBU, which is set annually. For 2026, the threshold is USD 48,200. For time deposits, the certificate must be for a minimum term of 730 days from a recognized Ecuadorian financial institution. For real estate, the property deed must be registered with the Registro de la Propiedad. For company shares, ownership must be registered with the Superintendencia de Compañías. The investment must be maintained for the entire duration of temporary residence — divestment is only permitted after obtaining permanent residence status.

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is valid for 2 years and can be renewed on multiple occasions, provided the qualifying investment is maintained. There is no limit on the number of renewals. Updated investment documentation must be submitted with each renewal application.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children may be included through the Visa de Amparo (dependent visa). Each dependant adds USD 250/month to the income requirements. No additional investment is required for dependants. The primary holder's visa must be approved before dependant applications can be processed. Once permanent residency is obtained, the holder may also sponsor parents.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may engage in productive and commercial activities related to their investment, serve as legal representatives, agents, or administrators. However, dependent employment unrelated to the investment is not permitted.

## Tax Implications

Ecuador taxes residents on worldwide income. Individuals present for 183 or more days in a fiscal year become tax residents, subject to progressive income tax rates from 0% to 37%. Newcomers without prior Ecuadorian tax residency may qualify for a temporary tax residency regime (introduced January 2024) that taxes only Ecuadorian-source income for five years. Ecuador uses the US dollar as its official currency, eliminating currency exchange risk.

## Application Process

1. Register on the digital services portal at serviciosdigitales.cancilleria.gob.ec
2. Complete the application and upload all required documents
3. Pay the USD 50 application fee (non-refundable)
4. The Ministry reviews documents; if corrections are needed, a 10-business-day correction period is granted
5. Upon approval, pay the USD 270 visa issuance fee (total: USD 320)
6. The visa and order for identity card issuance are generated automatically
7. Obtain the cédula de extranjería from the Registro Civil within 90 days

Applications can also be submitted in person at Zonal Coordination Offices in Ecuador or at Ecuadorian consulates abroad. A 50% fee discount applies for applicants aged 65 and over, and full exemption for persons with 30%+ disability.

## Path to Residency

After at least 21 continuous months of temporary residence, holders may apply for permanent residency (USD 275 fee). After 3 years as a permanent resident (approximately 5 years total), holders may apply for Ecuadorian citizenship by naturalization, which requires Spanish language proficiency and knowledge of Ecuadorian history and institutions.

Spouse and dependent children via Visa de Amparo. Each dependant adds USD 250/month to income requirements.

2 years, renewable on multiple occasions as long as the investment is maintained.

Minimum investment of 100 Salarios Básicos Unificados (100 × USD 482 for 2026) in eligible assets: time deposits, real estate, or company shares.

Government Portal — Investor Visa Application

Cancillería — Digital Services Portal (E-Visa)

Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana 2023

Visa de Residencia Temporal Inversionista

After at least 21 continuous months of temporary residence, eligible for permanent residence (indefinite duration); permanent residence application fee: USD 50 + USD 225 = USD 275; after 3 years as permanent resident (approximately 5 years total),…

Ecuador's Visa de Residencia Temporal Jubilado is a dedicated retirement visa for foreign nationals who receive pension income from abroad. Established under Article 60 of the Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana (LOMH), it targets retired individuals receiving guaranteed lifetime pension income from foreign public or private institutions, including social security pensions, government pensions, military pensions, corporate defined-benefit pensions, and annuities. There is no minimum age requirement, making it available to early retirees. Ecuador's use of the US dollar as its official currency simplifies financial requirements for many applicants.

## Requirements

- Lifetime-guaranteed pension income from a foreign institution of at least 3 SBU per month (USD 1,446 for 2026)
- Official document from the pension institution certifying retired status and confirming the monthly pension amount (apostilled or legalized)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin or countries of residence during the past 5 years (apostilled or legalized, translated to Spanish, valid for 180 days)
- Valid health insurance covering Ecuador for the duration of the visa
- Proof of lawful means of livelihood
- Payment of application and issuance fees (USD 320 total)

## Required Documents

- Colour photograph (5x5 cm, white background, JPG format, max 1 MB)
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity
- Criminal background certificate (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish if needed, valid 180 days)
- Official pension certification document confirming monthly pension of at least 3 SBU (apostilled/legalized)
- Valid health insurance covering Ecuador
- Proof of lawful means of livelihood
- Fee payment receipts

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is valid for 2 years and can be renewed on multiple occasions with no limit on renewals. The same fees and documentation requirements apply for each renewal. Temporary residents are permitted multiple entries and exits during the visa validity period without restrictions on time spent outside Ecuador.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children may be included through the Visa de Amparo (dependent visa). Each dependant adds USD 250/month to the income requirement. The primary holder's visa must be approved before dependant applications can be processed. Dependant visas have the same duration as the primary holder's visa. Once permanent residency is obtained, the holder may also sponsor parents.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may not engage in paid local employment in Ecuador. Managing personal investments and volunteering are permitted.

## Tax Implications

Ecuador taxes residents on worldwide income, but foreign-sourced pension income benefits from a hybrid territorial system. Residents who stay 183 or more days in a fiscal year are considered tax residents, with progressive income tax rates from 0% to 37% on Ecuador-sourced income. Persons aged 65 and over qualify for additional "tercera edad" (senior citizen) tax exemptions, as well as benefits including 50% discounts on domestic flights, public transport, cultural events, utility costs, and property taxes.

## Application Process

1. Register on the digital services portal at serviciosdigitales.cancilleria.gob.ec
2. Complete the application form and upload all required documents
3. Pay the USD 50 application fee (non-refundable)
4. The Ministry reviews documents; if corrections are needed, a 10-business-day correction period is granted
5. Upon approval, pay the USD 270 visa issuance fee (total: USD 320)
6. The visa and order for identity card issuance are generated automatically
7. Obtain the cédula de extranjería from the Registro Civil within 90 days

Applications can also be submitted in person at Zonal Coordination Offices in Ecuador or at Ecuadorian consulates abroad. A 50% fee discount applies for applicants aged 65 and over, and full exemption for persons with 30%+ disability. Processing typically takes 4-6 weeks for clean applications.

## Path to Residency

After at least 21 continuous months of temporary residence, holders may apply for permanent residency (USD 275 fee). After 3 years as a permanent resident (approximately 5 years total), holders may apply for Ecuadorian citizenship by naturalization.

Spouse and dependent children via Visa de Amparo. Each dependant adds USD 250/month to the income requirement.

2 years, renewable on multiple occasions.

Minimum pension of 3 Salarios Básicos Unificados per month (3 × USD 482 = USD 1,446 for 2026). Must be a lifetime-guaranteed pension from a foreign institution.

Government Portal — Retiree Visa Application

Visa de Residencia Temporal Jubilado

After 21 months of continuous temporary residence (with absences not exceeding 90 days per calendar year), holders may apply for permanent residency (visa de residencia permanente). After 3 years as a permanent resident (approximately 5 years total…

Ecuador's Visa de Residencia Temporal de Profesional, Técnico, Tecnólogo o Artesano is a qualification-based residence permit that allows foreign nationals to reside in Ecuador and independently exercise their profession, technical specialty, technological expertise, or artisanal craft. Established under Article 60 of the Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana (LOMH), it explicitly authorizes independent professional practice without requiring employer sponsorship. The visa is available to professionals, technicians, technologists, and artisans who hold recognized qualifications.

## Requirements

- Professional, technical, or technologist degree (ISCED Level 5 or higher) from a recognized institution, apostilled or legalized
- Degree must be registered with SENESCYT (Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación) within 3 months of visa issuance
- For artisans: registration of artisanal activity with the competent entity and validation by the Junta Nacional de Defensa del Artesano
- Proof of lawful means of subsistence: bank statements showing income of at least 1 SBU (USD 482/month for 2026) over the preceding 3 months, or a registered professional title
- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin or countries of residence during the past 5 years (apostilled or legalized, translated to Spanish, valid 180 days)
- Payment of application and issuance fees (USD 320 total)

## Required Documents

- Colour photograph (5x5 cm, white background, JPG format, max 1 MB)
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity
- Criminal background certificate (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish if needed, valid 180 days)
- Apostilled or legalized professional/technical/technologist degree
- Proof of lawful means of subsistence (bank statements or registered professional title)
- Fee payment receipts
- For artisans: registration with competent entity and validation by Junta Nacional de Defensa del Artesano

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is valid for 2 years and can be renewed once for an additional 2-year period, for a maximum of 4 years on temporary residence. Renewal requires updated documentation including a certificate of health insurance valid for the renewal period.

## Family Members

Spouse, legally recognized common-law partner, and children may apply for the Visa de Amparo (family support visa). Each dependant submits a separate application with family relationship documents (marriage certificate, birth certificate, or common-law union declaration), apostilled or legalized. Dependant visa fee is USD 250 per person (USD 50 application + USD 200 issuance). The sponsor must demonstrate additional monthly income of USD 250 per adult dependant.

## Employment Rights

The visa permits the free exercise of the holder's profession or technical/artisanal activity. Holders may work independently (self-employed, freelance, consulting) and may also work for Ecuadorian employers. The visa is not tied to any specific employer.

## SENESCYT Registration

Foreign academic credentials must be registered with SENESCYT within 3 months of visa issuance. The process involves an online application followed by an in-person appointment to verify original documents. Processing takes approximately 30 business days and costs USD 25. After registration, a copy of the registered title must be delivered to the mobility authority within 2 days. Note that healthcare-related degrees and doctoral programs follow separate, more complex procedures. Certain regulated professions (such as medicine, law, and architecture) may require additional local licensing beyond SENESCYT registration.

## Tax Implications

Individuals residing in Ecuador for more than 183 days in a fiscal year become tax residents, subject to progressive income tax rates from 0% to 37% on worldwide income. A temporary tax residency regime allows qualifying new arrivals to pay income tax only on Ecuadorian-source income during a 5-year term. Holders providing professional services independently must register with the Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) and maintain proper invoicing.

## Application Process

1. Register on the digital services portal at serviciosdigitales.cancilleria.gob.ec
2. Complete the application and upload all required documents
3. Pay the USD 50 application fee (non-refundable)
4. The Ministry reviews documents; if corrections are needed, a 10-business-day correction period is granted
5. Upon approval, pay the USD 270 visa issuance fee (total: USD 320)
6. The visa and identity card are generated automatically
7. Register your professional title with SENESCYT within 3 months

Applications can also be submitted in person at Zonal Directorates in Ecuador or at Ecuadorian consulates abroad. A 50% fee discount applies for applicants aged 65 and over, and full exemption for persons with 30%+ disability.

## Path to Residency

After 21 months of continuous temporary residence (with absences not exceeding 90 days per calendar year), holders may apply for permanent residency. After 3 years as a permanent resident (approximately 5 years total), holders may apply for Ecuadorian citizenship by naturalization. Ecuador permits dual citizenship.

Spouse, common-law partner, and children via Visa de Amparo. USD 250/month additional per adult dependant. Dependant visa fee: USD 250.

2 years, renewable once for an additional 2 years (4 years maximum).

Government Portal — Professional Visa Application

SENESCYT — Foreign Title Recognition

Visa de Residencia Temporal de Profesional

Must hold a recognized professional, technical, or technologist degree (ISCED Level 5+) registered with SENESCYT, or artisan credentials validated by the Junta Nacional de Defensa del Artesano.

Ecuador's Visa de Residencia Temporal Rentista is a passive income visa for foreign nationals who possess their own resources or receive recurring income from lawful sources. Established under Article 60 of the Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana (LOMH), it accepts a broad range of passive income types including rental income, investment dividends, trust payouts, portfolio income, and interest — from either foreign or Ecuadorian sources. Unlike the jubilado (retiree) visa, the income does not need to be a lifetime-guaranteed pension. Ecuador's use of the US dollar as its official currency simplifies financial requirements and eliminates currency exchange risk.

## Requirements

- Monthly passive income from lawful sources of at least 3 SBU (USD 1,446 for 2026)
- Documents certifying the income: rental contracts, investment titles, dividend statements, trust documents, or bank statements showing recurring deposits (apostilled/legalized if from abroad)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin or countries of residence during the past 5 years (apostilled or legalized, translated to Spanish, valid for 180 days)
- Valid health insurance covering Ecuador for the duration of the visa
- Proof of lawful means of livelihood
- Minimum age of 18 years
- Payment of application and issuance fees (USD 320 total)

## Required Documents

- Colour photograph (5x5 cm, white background, JPG format, max 1 MB)
- Valid passport with minimum 6 months validity
- Criminal background certificate (apostilled/legalized, translated to Spanish if needed, valid 180 days)
- Documents certifying monthly passive income of at least 3 SBU (apostilled/legalized if from abroad; registered by competent authority if from Ecuador)
- Valid health insurance covering Ecuador
- Proof of lawful means of livelihood
- Fee payment receipts

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is valid for 2 years and can be renewed on multiple occasions with no limit on renewals. The same fees and documentation requirements apply for each renewal. Temporary residents are permitted multiple entries and exits during the visa validity period without restrictions on time spent outside Ecuador.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children may be included through the Visa de Amparo (dependent visa). Each dependant adds USD 250/month to the income requirement. The primary holder's visa must be approved before dependant applications can be processed. Dependant visas have the same duration as the primary holder's visa. Once permanent residency is obtained, the holder may also sponsor parents.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may not engage in paid local employment in Ecuador. This visa is distinct from the Visa Nomada (Digital Nomad Visa), which is a separate sub-category that permits working remotely for foreign entities.

## Tax Implications

Ecuador taxes residents on worldwide income under a hybrid territorial system. Foreign-sourced passive income (rental income from abroad, foreign dividends) benefits from territorial treatment. Residents who stay 183 or more days in a fiscal year become tax residents, with progressive income tax rates from 0% to 37% on Ecuador-sourced income. Persons aged 65 and over qualify for "tercera edad" (senior citizen) tax exemptions and benefits.

## Application Process

1. Register on the digital services portal at serviciosdigitales.cancilleria.gob.ec
2. Complete the application form and upload all required documents
3. Pay the USD 50 application fee (non-refundable)
4. The Ministry reviews documents; if corrections are needed, a 10-business-day correction period is granted
5. Upon approval, pay the USD 270 visa issuance fee (total: USD 320)
6. The visa and order for identity card issuance are generated automatically
7. Obtain the cédula de extranjería from the Registro Civil within 90 days

Applications can also be submitted in person at Zonal Coordination Offices in Ecuador or at Ecuadorian consulates abroad. A 50% fee discount applies for applicants aged 65 and over, and full exemption for persons with 30%+ disability. Processing typically takes 6-8 weeks for standard applications.

## Path to Residency

After at least 21 continuous months of temporary residence, holders may apply for permanent residency (USD 275 fee). After 3 years as a permanent resident (approximately 5 years total), holders may apply for Ecuadorian citizenship by naturalization.

Minimum 3 Salarios Básicos Unificados per month (3 × USD 482 = USD 1,446 for 2026) from any lawful passive income source.

Government Portal — Rentista Visa Application

Visa de Residencia Temporal Rentista

Ecuador's Visa Nómada is a temporary residence visa under the rentista category that allows foreign nationals to live in Ecuador while working remotely for employers, clients, or companies located outside the country. Established under the Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana 2023 and administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility, the program targets remote workers, freelancers, and business owners who earn their income from foreign sources. First introduced in April 2022 and officially promoted in September 2022, it offers one of the longer initial durations among Latin American digital nomad visas at 2 years, with the possibility of renewal for a total stay of 4 years.

## Requirements

- Must work remotely for a foreign employer or client, or own a company registered and domiciled abroad
- Minimum monthly income of USD 1,446 (3 SBU) from foreign sources, demonstrated via international bank statements for the 3 months prior to application
- Additional USD 250/month per dependant
- Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
- Valid health insurance with coverage in Ecuador for the duration of the visa
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin or countries of residence in the last 5 years (apostilled or legalised, translated into Spanish, valid for 180 days)
- Documentation proving remote employment, freelance work, or foreign business ownership
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required

## Application Process

1. Register an account on the Ministry's digital services portal (serviciosdigitales.cancilleria.gob.ec) using your passport number and email
2. Complete the online visa application, selecting the "Rentista Trabajador Nómada" category
3. Upload all required documents in PDF format
4. Pay the USD 50 non-refundable application fee through the portal
5. The Ministry reviews the application; if documents are incomplete, you have 10 business days for corrections
6. Upon approval, pay the USD 270 visa issuance fee (total cost: USD 320)
7. After arrival in Ecuador, obtain an Ecuadorian identity card (cédula de identidad) from the Civil Registry in Quito, Guayaquil, or Cuenca

Applications can also be submitted in person at Zonal Directorate offices within Ecuador or at Ecuadorian embassies and consulates abroad. A 50% discount applies for applicants aged 65 and over, and a full fee exemption is available for persons with disabilities of 30% or more.

## Duration & Renewal

The visa is valid for 2 years. It can be renewed once for an additional 2-year period, for a maximum total stay of 4 years under this visa category. The full application process and documentation must be submitted again for renewal. Holders wishing to stay beyond 4 years must transition to another visa type or apply for permanent residency.

## Path to Residency

Temporary residence holders who have maintained their visa for at least 21 continuous months and have not spent more than 90 days outside Ecuador during that period may apply for permanent residency.

## Family Members

Dependants including a spouse and children may be included in the application. For each dependant, the applicant must demonstrate an additional USD 250 per month in foreign-source income. Dependants are subject to the same documentation requirements including passport, photographs, and health insurance. Minors must apply through their legal representatives.

## Tax Implications

Ecuador taxes residents on worldwide income. Individuals present more than 183 days in a fiscal year become tax residents with progressive rates from 0% to 37%. However, a temporary tax residency regime effective January 2024 allows qualifying new tax residents to pay income tax only on Ecuadorian-source income for a five-year term. Since Visa Nómada holders are restricted to foreign-source income, this regime may effectively shield their earnings from Ecuadorian income tax for the first five years.

## Employment Restrictions

Holders may only work remotely for entities outside Ecuador. Working for Ecuadorian companies or earning income from Ecuadorian sources is strictly prohibited under this visa category.

Spouse and children may be included. Applicants must demonstrate an additional USD 250 per month in foreign-source income for each dependant.

Minimum 3 Salarios Básicos Unificados per month (USD 1,446 based on the 2026 SBU of USD 482). Additional USD 250/month for each dependant.

Government Portal — Visa Nómada Application

Ecuador Travel — Nomad Visa

Cancillería — Digital Services Portal

Visa Nómada

Paraguay

The program grants permanent residency directly; after 3 years of permanent residency (with minimum 183 days per year in Paraguay), holders may apply for Paraguayan citizenship by naturalization under Article 148 of the Constitution

Paraguay's Permanent Residency for Foreign Investors program allows foreign nationals to obtain permanent residency by investing through SUACE (Sistema Unificado de Apertura y Cierre de Empresas), the country's unified system for business registration. Established under Migration Law 6984/2022, the program bypasses the usual temporary residency requirement, granting permanent status directly to qualifying investors. Applicants must invest a minimum of USD 70,000 in a business in industry, commerce, or services, and commit to creating at least five formal jobs for Paraguayan workers.

## Requirements

- Minimum investment of USD 70,000 (or equivalent in guaranies)
- Creation of at least 5 formal direct jobs for Paraguayan workers
- Investment must be executed within 24 months
- Proof of financial capacity through bank statements (3 preceding months), investment titles, or asset valuations
- A detailed business plan including company structure, investment breakdown, employment plan, economic viability, and 24-month timeline
- Notarized sworn declaration committing to open a business and invest the specified amount
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required

## Required Documents

**For the Investor Certificate (at SUACE/MIC):**

- Passport copy
- Criminal background certificate from country of origin (apostilled or consular-legalized)
- Proof of legal entry into Paraguay
- Interpol Paraguay certificate
- Proof of economic solvency (bank statements, investment titles, or asset valuations)
- Business plan with required details
- Notarized sworn declaration of commitment to invest
- Application form

**For Permanent Residency (at Migration Directorate):**

- Investor Certificate from MIC/SUACE
- Valid passport or identity document (original + 2 copies)
- Consular visa verification through Ministry of Foreign Affairs (if required)
- Proof of entry (immigration stamp or receipt)
- Birth certificate (apostilled/legalized, original + 2 copies)
- Civil status certificate (original + 2 copies)
- Criminal/police certificate from country of origin
- Interpol certificate (original + 2 copies)
- Paraguay National Police records certificate (original + 2 copies)
- Sworn declaration of constitutional compliance

## Duration & Renewal

The residency granted is permanent and indefinite. The physical residency card must be renewed every 10 years. Permanent residents forfeit their status if absent from Paraguay for more than 3 consecutive years without justification, though the Migration Directorate may extend this period in specific cases.

## Family Members

The SUACE investor residency does not include a built-in dependant sponsorship mechanism. However, spouses and children of permanent residents may apply for their own permanent residency under separate categories in the Migration Law. Each family member must submit an individual application with the required documentation.

## Tax Implications

Paraguay operates a territorial tax system, meaning only income earned within Paraguay is taxable. Foreign-sourced income is not subject to Paraguayan tax. Personal income tax rates are 8% (up to PYG 50 million), 9% (PYG 50-150 million), and 10% (above PYG 150 million). Individuals with gross income under PYG 80 million are exempt.

## Application Process

The process has two main stages:

**Stage 1 — Investor Certificate (through SUACE/MIC):**

1. Prepare a business plan with company structure, investment breakdown, employment plan, and 24-month timeline
2. Compile origin-country documents (criminal background certificate, proof of financial capacity)
3. Compile Paraguay documents (Interpol certificate, proof of entry)
4. Submit the application form and all documents to SUACE in person
5. A specialist conducts documentary verification
6. The director reviews project feasibility
7. Certificate is issued within 5 business days

**Stage 2 — Permanent Residency (at Migration Directorate):**

1. Present the Investor Certificate along with all residency documents at the Migration Directorate's SUACE office
2. Residency is processed in 10-15 business days

The total process from start to permanent residency card takes approximately 3 months. Application fees are approximately USD 370 for permanent residency plus PYG 223,004 for the radicacion certificate.

## Business Requirements

The investment must be in industry, commerce, or services within Paraguay. The business plan must demonstrate economic viability and include a detailed breakdown of how the investment will be allocated. SUACE may conduct technical verification of the declared business location. Businesses must notify SUACE within 30 days of any changes involving address, name, mergers, or substantial legal modifications.

## Practical Considerations

- All applications must be submitted in person at the SUACE office in Asuncion; there is no online application channel
- Foreign-language documents must be translated by a certified public translator in Paraguay (Portuguese documents from Brazil are exempt)
- Legal representatives may handle follow-up after initial submission, but the first filing requires personal presence
- Applications are considered abandoned if the applicant fails to advance the process for more than 10 business days without notice
- After obtaining permanent residency, holders receive a Paraguayan national identity card (cedula de identidad) through an expedited process
- After 3 years of permanent residency with at least 183 days per year in Paraguay, holders may apply for citizenship by naturalization

Spouses and children may apply for their own permanent residency under separate categories

Permanent residency; card renewed every 10 years

Minimum business investment with creation of at least 5 formal jobs

Migration Directorate — Investor Residency Requirements

Ministry of Industry and Commerce — Investor Process

Ministry of Industry and Commerce — Investor Certificates

Migration Law 6984/2022

Permanent Residency for Foreign Investors (SUACE)

Peru

After 3 consecutive years of legal residence as an investor, the holder may apply for calidad migratoria permanente (permanent resident status), which grants indefinite residence; the applicant must not have been absent from Peru for more than 3…

Peru's Calidad Migratoria Inversionista (Investor Migration Status) is a residence program for foreign nationals who wish to establish, develop, or administer lawful investments in Peru. Governed by Decreto Legislativo No. 1350 and its implementing regulation Decreto Supremo No. 007-2017-IN, the program is administered by the Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (MIGRACIONES). It requires a minimum investment of S/ 500,000 (approximately USD 130,000) channelled into a Peruvian company, along with a commitment to create at least 5 jobs for Peruvian nationals within 2 years.

## Requirements

- Minimum investment of S/ 500,000 in a Peruvian company, made as a single international transfer through an SBS-supervised financial institution
- Investment must be in a newly incorporated company or as a capital increase in an existing one
- Commitment to create at least 5 job positions for Peruvian nationals within a maximum of 2 years
- Feasibility project (for new companies) or two-year business plan (for existing companies), prepared by a qualified licensed professional
- The investor must serve as a manager or director of the company
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- Criminal record certificates from country of origin and countries of prior residence (covering the last 5 years)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months validity

## Required Documents

- Valid passport (minimum 6 months validity)
- Certificate of no criminal, judicial, or police records from country of origin and countries of prior residence (last 5 years), apostilled or legalized and translated to Spanish
- Proof of investment of at least S/ 500,000 through international transfer via an SBS-supervised financial entity
- Notarized copy of public deed of company constitution (no more than 3 months old) or public deed of capital increase for existing companies
- Copy of filing receipt and payment of the company's latest annual income tax return (for existing companies)
- Feasibility project or two-year business plan prepared by a qualified licensed professional, including the creation of 5 job positions
- Commitment letter pledging to create at least 5 jobs for Peruvian nationals
- Payment receipt for the applicable fee (S/ 105.60 for initial visa; S/ 161.40 for change of migration status)

## Duration & Renewal

The initial residence permit is valid for 365 days (1 year) and is renewable annually. Renewal must be requested at least 30 calendar days before expiration through the MIGRACIONES Digital Agency. At renewal, the applicant must demonstrate that the investment remains active, the company is operational, and the 5-job commitment has been fulfilled or is being fulfilled. After 3 consecutive years of legal residence, the holder may apply for permanent resident status, provided they have not been absent for more than 3 consecutive months or 6 alternating months in any year during the qualifying period.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children do not receive automatic residency under the investor visa. They must apply separately under the calidad migratoria de familiar de residente, which grants a 1-year renewable residence permit. This requires proof of kinship (marriage certificate for spouses, birth certificates for children), all apostilled or legalized and translated to Spanish, along with a valid passport and criminal record certificates. The application fee for family members is S/ 105.60.

## Tax Implications

Investors who reside in Peru for more than 183 calendar days within a 12-month period become tax domiciled and are subject to income tax on worldwide income at progressive rates of 8%, 14%, 17%, 20%, and 30%. Non-domiciled investors are taxed only on Peruvian-source income at a flat 30% rate for business income. The company is subject to standard corporate income tax at 29.5%. Investors must register with SUNAT for a RUC to operate the business.

## Application Process

There are two pathways. Applicants outside Peru submit documents to a Peruvian consulate, which forwards them to MIGRACIONES for evaluation. Upon approval, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs authorizes the visa, and the applicant presents it at a migration control point upon entry. Applicants already legally in Peru can request a change of migration status through the MIGRACIONES Digital Agency or in person. MIGRACIONES evaluates applications within 30 business days. After approval, the holder must obtain a Carné de Extranjería (foreigner ID card) by completing biometric registration at a MIGRACIONES office (fee: S/ 49.90).

## Important Considerations

The investment must be made as a single international transfer — split payments or domestic transfers do not qualify. The business plan must be prepared by a licensed professional (such as an accountant or economist), adding to preparation costs. The 5-job creation requirement is a binding commitment verified at renewal, and failure to demonstrate progress may result in denial. Investors with permanent investments of at least 5 UIT are exempt from the 20% foreign worker hiring quota under Decreto Legislativo No. 689. For citizenship, the new Ley No. 32421 (August 2025) requires 5 years of continuous legal residence, knowledge of Spanish, and ties to the country.

Spouse and dependent children apply separately under the familiar de residente category with a 1-year renewable residence permit

365 days, renewable annually. Permanent residence after 3 consecutive years.

S/ 500,000 (approximately USD 130,000), transferred as a single international disbursement via an SBS-supervised financial institution into a Peruvian company

MIGRACIONES — Solicitar Visa de Residente para Inversionista

MIGRACIONES — Cambiar a Calidad Migratoria Inversionista

Decreto Legislativo No. 1350 — Decreto Legislativo de Migraciones

Calidad Migratoria Inversionista

After 3 consecutive years of legal residence as a researcher, the holder may apply for calidad migratoria permanente (permanent resident status), which grants indefinite residence; the applicant must not have been absent from Peru for more than 183…

Peru's Calidad Migratoria de Investigación (Researcher Migration Status) is a talent visa for foreign nationals with recognized knowledge and experience in science, technology, and innovation. Governed by Decreto Legislativo No. 1350 and administered by MIGRACIONES, the program requires accreditation as a foreign researcher through CONCYTEC's RENACYT registry and an affiliation letter from a Peruvian institution. Uniquely among Peru's migration categories, holders may perform any income-generating activity — dependent or independent — in both the public and private sectors.

## Requirements

- Accreditation as a foreign researcher by CONCYTEC through the RENACYT platform
- Minimum RENACYT classification of Level VII (10 points), based on academic degrees and scientific production
- Academic degrees: doctorate (10 points), master's (6 points), professional title (4 points), bachelor's (2 points)
- Minimum 6 points from scientific production (peer-reviewed articles, patents, or books)
- At least one publication within the past 3 years to maintain active researcher status
- Letter from a Peruvian public or private institution indicating research activities for a period of 1 year or more
- The sponsoring institution must have an active RUC registered with SUNAT
- Foreign academic degrees must be recognized through SUNEDU's degree recognition process
- Criminal record certificates from country of origin and countries of residence (last 5 years)
- INTERPOL International Exchange Record from OCN-Lima (issued within 6 months)

## Required Documents

- Completed and signed migration status application form
- Valid passport (minimum 6 months validity)
- CONCYTEC document accrediting foreign researcher status
- Letter from a Peruvian institution detailing research activities, signed by the legal representative, with registration entry/deed and active RUC number
- INTERPOL International Exchange Record (ficha de canje internacional) from OCN-Lima, issued within 6 months
- Criminal, penal, and police record certificates from country of origin and countries of residence (last 5 years)
- Payment receipt for S/ 105.60 (code 07567) at Banco de la Nación

## Duration & Renewal

The resident version is valid for 365 days and is renewable. A temporary version is also available for up to 183 days. Renewal must be requested at least 30 days before expiration, costs S/ 25.60, and requires updated CONCYTEC accreditation and institutional affiliation documentation. After 3 consecutive years of legal residence, the holder may apply for permanent resident status, provided absences do not exceed 183 consecutive calendar days in any 365-day period.

## Family Members

Spouse and dependent children apply separately under the calidad migratoria de familiar de residente, which grants a 1-year renewable residence permit. This requires proof of kinship through apostilled or legalized documents translated to Spanish. The familiar de residente status allows family members to perform lucrative activities in Peru.

## Tax Implications

Researchers residing in Peru for more than 183 days within a 12-month period become tax domiciled and are subject to income tax on worldwide income at progressive rates of 8%, 14%, 17%, 20%, and 30%. Non-domiciled individuals are taxed only on Peruvian-source income at a flat 30% rate. Independent researchers must register with SUNAT for a RUC to issue receipts for services.

## Application Process

The process has two parallel tracks. First, the applicant obtains CONCYTEC accreditation through the RENACYT platform by registering on CTI Vitae, submitting academic credentials (with SUNEDU recognition for foreign degrees), evidence of scientific production, and a declaration under oath. CONCYTEC evaluates applications within 30 to 50 business days on a rolling basis. Second, once accredited, the applicant submits the visa application to MIGRACIONES with all required documents. MIGRACIONES evaluates the application within 30 business days. The total timeline from initial application to visa issuance can extend to several months due to the two separate processes.

## Important Considerations

The requirement for a Peruvian institutional affiliation means applicants must secure a host organization before applying. Researchers who have not published within the past 3 years are classified as inactive and may not qualify. The researcher status offers significantly broader work authorization than most other migration categories — unlike the worker status (tied to specific employment) or the digital nomad status (limited to foreign employers), researchers may engage in any dependent or independent income-generating activity. Resident visa holders who remain outside Peru for more than 183 consecutive days may lose their migration status unless they obtain prior authorization from MIGRACIONES.

365 days, renewable. Also available as a 183-day temporary version. Permanent residence after 3 consecutive years.

MIGRACIONES — Solicitar Visa de Calidad Migratoria Investigación Residente

CONCYTEC — Condición de Investigador Extranjero (RENACYT)

Calidad Migratoria de Investigación

Must be accredited as a foreign researcher by CONCYTEC through the RENACYT registry

The rentista status itself grants indefinite residence. Under Ley No. 26574 (Ley de Nacionalidad), rentista holders could apply for Peruvian citizenship after 2 years of continuous legal residence . However, Ley No. 32421 (published 14 August 2025),…

Peru's Calidad Migratoria Rentista is a passive income residence program for foreign nationals who receive a retirement pension or permanent income from Peruvian or foreign sources. Originally established under Decreto Legislativo No. 703 and given a dedicated legal framework through Ley No. 28072 (2003), the program is administered by MIGRACIONES. It grants indefinite residence in Peru and is one of the most straightforward residence options in Latin America, requiring only proof of at least USD 1,000/month in permanent income. Holders cannot engage in any paid or lucrative activities in Peru.

## Requirements

- Minimum net permanent income of USD 1,000 per month from a recognized permanent source
- Additional USD 500/month for each accompanying dependant
- Acceptable income sources: state or private pensions, social security, government pensions, employment-related pensions, union pensions, disability pensions, lifetime annuities, and permanent income from royalties or dividends
- For foreign-source income, funds must enter Peru through a banking or financial institution supervised by the SBS
- No specific educational or professional qualifications required
- Criminal record certificates from country of origin and countries of prior residence (covering last 5 years)
- Valid passport with at least 6 months validity
- Must not engage in any paid or lucrative activities in Peru

## Required Documents

- Valid passport (minimum 6 months validity)
- Certificate of no criminal, judicial, or police records from country of origin and countries of prior residence (last 5 years), apostilled or legalized and translated to Spanish
- Income documentation proving permanent pension or income of at least USD 1,000/month, notarized or authenticated
- Sworn declaration (declaración jurada) indicating desire to adopt rentista status and confirming no criminal records
- Sworn statement confirming income enters Peru through an SBS-supervised financial institution (for foreign-source income)
- All foreign documents must be legalized or apostilled and translated to Spanish by a certified translator
- Payment of applicable fee (S/ 58.80 for initial visa; S/ 161.40 for change of migration status)

## Duration & Renewal

The rentista status grants indefinite residence with no expiration date and does not need to be renewed. However, the Carné de Extranjería (foreigner ID card) must be renewed annually at least 30 days before expiration through the MIGRACIONES Digital Agency, with a fee of S/ 25.60. The status is cancelled if the holder is absent from Peru for more than 6 consecutive months or accumulated intervals totaling 6 months within a calendar year.

## Family Members

Spouse and children under 25 may be included in the applicant's migration unit. Each dependant requires proof of additional USD 500/month permanent income. Dependants may alternatively apply under the calidad migratoria de familiar de residente, which grants a 1-year renewable residence permit requiring proof of kinship through apostilled documents translated to Spanish.

## Tax Implications

Pension income originating from personal work (retirement, survivor benefits, disability) is exempt from Peruvian income tax. Rentista holders who do not engage in income-generating activities generally are not considered tax domiciled and are not required to register with SUNAT for a RUC. Other types of foreign-source income (dividends, royalties) received by tax residents may be subject to Peruvian income tax.

## Application Process

Applicants outside Peru submit documents to a Peruvian consulate, which forwards them to MIGRACIONES. Upon approval, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs authorizes the visa, and the applicant presents it at a migration control point upon entering Peru. Applicants already legally in Peru can request a change of migration status through the MIGRACIONES Digital Agency or in person (fee: S/ 161.40). MIGRACIONES evaluates applications within 30 business days. After approval, the holder must obtain a Carné de Extranjería by completing biometric registration at a MIGRACIONES office (fee: S/ 49.90).

## Important Considerations

Rentista holders are strictly prohibited from all paid or lucrative activities in Peru. Income sources that are not considered "permanent" — such as rental income, freelance work, capital gains, and bank interest — may not qualify, as only pensions and lifelong or permanently guaranteed income streams are accepted. The USD 1,000/month threshold has not been adjusted since 2003. Holders are exempt from annual foreigner registry fees and import duties on household goods when first establishing residence. Regarding citizenship, the new Ley No. 32421 (August 2025) increased the general naturalization residency requirement to 5 years and notably omitted the previous provision allowing rentista holders to apply after just 2 years. Holders who need to remain outside Peru for longer than 183 consecutive days may request an authorization from MIGRACIONES before departing.

Spouse and children under 25 may be included; each requires proof of additional USD 500/month permanent income

Country↑	Program↕	Income↕	Investment↕	Capital Required↕	Duration↕	Dependants↕	Citizenship↕
🇦🇷 Argentina	Digital Nomad Transitory Residence	No official minimum incom...	—	—	180 days — 360 days	No	—
🇦🇷 Argentina	Residencia Temporaria Inversionista	—	ARS 1,500,000 one-time	—	3 years	Yes	—
🇦🇷 Argentina	Residencia Temporaria Pensionado	ARS 1,734,000 / month	—	—	3 years	Yes	—
🇦🇷 Argentina	Residencia Temporaria Rentista	ARS 1,734,000 / month	—	—	3 years	Yes	—
🇧🇷 Brazil	Business Investor Residence	—	R$500,000 one-time	—	Permanent	Yes	Yes (4yr)
🇧🇷 Brazil	Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV)	$18,000 / year	—	—	1 year — 2 years	Yes	No
🇧🇷 Brazil	Innovation Investment Residence	—	—	R$150,000 one-time	Permanent	Yes	Yes (4yr)
🇧🇷 Brazil	Real Estate Investor Residence	—	R$1,000,000 one-time	—	4 years — Permanent	Yes	Yes (4yr)
🇧🇷 Brazil	Retirement and Pension Residence Permit	$24,000 / year	—	—	2 years	Yes	Yes (4yr)
🇨🇱 Chile	Investor Temporary Residence Permit	—	$500,000	—	2 years	Yes	Yes
🇨🇱 Chile	Residencia Temporal para Jubilados y Rentistas	No fixed monetary thresho...	—	—	2 years	Yes	—
🇨🇱 Chile	Start-Up Chile	—	—	No personal capital requi...	2 years	Yes	—
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa M Inversionista	—	$150,000	—	1 year — 3 years	Yes	Yes
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa M Pensionado	$15,600 / year	—	—	1 year — 3 years	Yes	Yes
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa M Profesional Independiente	$25,800 / year	—	—	1 year — 3 years	Yes	Yes
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa M Socio o Propietario	—	—	$46,690	1 year — 3 years	Yes	Yes
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa V Nómada Digital	$16,968 / year	—	—	2 years	Yes	—
🇨🇴 Colombia	Visa V Rentista	$51,000 / year	—	—	1 year — 2 years	Yes	—
🇪🇨 Ecuador	Visa de Residencia Temporal Inversionista	—	$48,200	—	2 years	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇪🇨 Ecuador	Visa de Residencia Temporal Jubilado	$17,352 / year	—	—	2 years	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇪🇨 Ecuador	Visa de Residencia Temporal de Profesional	—	—	—	2 years — 4 years	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇪🇨 Ecuador	Visa de Residencia Temporal Rentista	$17,352 / year	—	—	2 years	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇪🇨 Ecuador	Visa Nómada	$17,352 / year	—	—	2 years — 4 years	Yes	—
🇵🇾 Paraguay	Permanent Residency for Foreign Investors (SUACE)	—	$70,000	—	Permanent	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇵🇪 Peru	Calidad Migratoria Inversionista	—	PEN 500,000 one-time	—	1 year	Yes	Yes
🇵🇪 Peru	Calidad Migratoria de Investigación	—	—	—	1 year	Yes	Yes
🇵🇪 Peru	Calidad Migratoria Rentista	$12,000 / year	—	—	Permanent	Yes	Yes (2yr)
🇵🇪 Peru	Nómada Digital	Not yet defined. Minimum ...	—	—	365 days	No	—
🇺🇾 Uruguay	Digital Nomad Provisional Identity Card	No minimum income thresho...	—	—	6 months — 12 months	Yes	—
🇺🇾 Uruguay	Permanent Residence for Rentistas and Pensioners	$18,000 / year	—	—	Permanent	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇺🇾 Uruguay	Tax Residency by Investment	—	$500,000	—	Permanent	Yes	Yes (3yr)
🇻🇪 Venezuela	Visa de Transeunte Inversionista (TR-I)	—	No fixed minimum amount. ...	—	3 years — 5 years	Yes	—
🇻🇪 Venezuela	Visa de Transeunte Rentista (TR-RE)	$14,400 / year	—	—	1 year	Yes	Yes (10yr)

Digital Nomad Visas in South America