Germany

Freelance Residence Permit

Germany's Freelance Residence Permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis zur Ausübung einer freiberuflichen Tätigkeit) allows non-EU/EEA nationals to reside in Germany while working as self-employed professionals in the liberal professions. Established under Section 21(5) of the Residence Act (Aufenthaltsgesetz), the permit is administered by local foreigners' authorities (Ausländerbehörden), with entry visas processed by German embassies and consulates. Germany does not have a dedicated digital nomad visa; however, this freelance residence permit is the primary pathway used by remote-working professionals, freelancers, and digital nomads who wish to base themselves in Germany while serving international clients. Unlike the self-employment permit under Section 21(1), which targets commercial businesses and requires proof of broader economic impact, the freelance permit applies simplified criteria focused on positive economic or cultural impact.

• Must work in a recognised liberal profession as defined by German tax law, including: doctors, lawyers, engineers, architects, auditors, tax advisors, journalists, interpreters, translators, artists, writers, language teachers, IT consultants, designers, and similar professions
• Professional qualifications appropriate to the intended freelance activity (university degrees, vocational qualifications, professional licences, or equivalent experience)
• Description of planned freelance activity with a business plan and revenue forecast
• At least two letters of intent or contracts from clients
• Valid health insurance (statutory or private with comparable coverage) for the entire duration
• Proof of sufficient financial means to secure livelihood
• Applicants aged 45 and older must demonstrate adequate old-age pension provision

• Valid passport with validity exceeding the intended stay
• Completed application form and biometric photograph
• Description of planned freelance activity and business plan with revenue forecast
• Proof of professional qualifications (degrees, certificates, licences)
• Portfolio or references demonstrating professional experience
• Letters of intent or contracts from at least two clients
• Proof of health insurance
• Lease agreement or proof of accommodation
• Proof of sufficient funds or income (bank statements, tax assessments)
• Residence registration certificate (Meldebescheinigung)
• Proof of adequate pension provision (if aged 45 or older)
• CV with professional history

The permit is granted for up to 3 years initially and can be renewed indefinitely in up to 3-year increments, provided the freelance activity continues and all requirements are met. Extension applications should be submitted at least 8 weeks before the current permit expires. Renewal requires proof of ongoing freelance activity, secure livelihood (tax assessments, profit calculations, bank statements, invoices), valid health insurance, and adequate pension provision if applicable.

Spouses and minor unmarried children may apply for family reunification residence permits. Spouses must generally demonstrate basic German language proficiency at A1 level, though exemptions exist for nationals of Australia, Israel, Japan, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, the USA, and several other countries. The sponsoring freelancer must demonstrate sufficient income to cover the entire family and adequate living space. Children under 16 generally have an unconditional right to join. Family members who join receive the right to take up employment in Germany.

Freelancers who spend more than 183 days per year in Germany are subject to income tax on worldwide income. Registration with the local tax office (Finanzamt) is mandatory, including submission of the tax registration questionnaire. Freelancers in liberal professions are exempt from trade tax (Gewerbesteuer). VAT registration may be required depending on turnover. Germany has double taxation agreements with over 90 countries.

The process involves two stages. First, non-EU/EEA nationals must apply for a national visa (D-visa) at the German embassy or consulate in their country of residence. The embassy forwards the application to the competent foreigners' authority for preliminary assessment. After the visa is granted and the applicant enters Germany, they must register their address at the local citizens' office (Bürgeramt) within 14 days and then apply for the residence permit at the local foreigners' authority (Ausländerbehörde).

Citizens of Australia, Israel, Japan, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, and the USA may enter Germany visa-free and apply directly at the Ausländerbehörde after arrival.

Processing time: Several weeks to months at the embassy; minimum 4 weeks at the foreigners' authority. Overall process typically 2-4 months.

Fee: National visa EUR 75; residence permit issuance up to EUR 100; residence permit extension EUR 93.

The permit authorises only the specific freelance activity approved. Employment with a German employer is not permitted unless separately authorised. The holder may not engage in commercial trade (Gewerbe) without a separate permit. The distinction between a freelance activity and a commercial trade is critical -- if the tax office classifies the activity as a trade rather than a liberal profession, a different self-employment permit is required.

A settlement permit (Niederlassungserlaubnis) is possible after 5 years of holding the freelance residence permit, subject to: secure livelihood, German language skills at B1 level, basic knowledge of the legal and social system, 60 months of pension contributions, sufficient living space, and adequate health insurance.

Links

• https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/working-in-germany/setting-up-business/visa/freelance
• https://service.berlin.de/dienstleistung/328332/en/
• https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/other/self-employment
• https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service/-/215870

Other Digital Nomad Visas in Europe