Digital Nomad

Digital Nomad Residence Permit

💰 Minimum Income
€3,680
per month
Four times the national minimum wage (EUR 920 x 4 = EUR 3,680/month in 2026). Must demonstrate this as average monthly income over the preceding 3 months via bank statements, payslips, or tax returns. Additional EUR 460/month per accompanying adult and EUR 276/month per child.
⏱️ Duration
Initial residence permit valid for 2 years, renewable for successive 3-year periods. After 5 years of continuous legal residence, holders may apply for permanent residency or Portuguese citizenship.
👪 Dependants
Yes
Spouse or partner, minor children, dependent adult children in full-time education, and dependent parents (over 65) may accompany. Additional income of 50% of the minimum wage per adult (EUR 460/month) and 30% per child (EUR 276/month) required. All adult dependants must provide their own criminal record certificates and health insurance.
🛂 Citizenship Path
Yes — after 5 years
Residence visa track: after 5 years of continuous legal residence, holders may apply for permanent residency or Portuguese citizenship

Portugal's Digital Nomad Residence Permit (Autorizacao de Residencia para o Exercicio de Atividade Profissional Prestada de Forma Remota, under Article 88 of Lei n.o 23/2007) allows non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens to establish long-term residence in Portugal while working remotely for employers or clients outside Portuguese territory. This is the long-stay track of the D8 digital nomad program, introduced in October 2022 by Lei n.o 18/2022. It follows a two-stage process: first obtaining a residence visa at a Portuguese consulate, then converting it into a residence permit through AIMA (Agency for Integration, Migrations and Asylum) upon arrival in Portugal.

Requirements
  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss national working remotely for employers or clients outside Portugal
  • Minimum monthly income of EUR 3,680 (four times the Portuguese minimum wage of EUR 920 in 2026)
  • Average income demonstrated over the preceding 3 months via bank statements, payslips, or tax returns
  • Savings of approximately EUR 11,040 (equivalent to 3 months of the income threshold)
  • Valid passport with at least 6 months remaining validity
  • Health insurance valid in Portugal with minimum EUR 30,000 coverage
  • Proof of accommodation in Portugal (rental agreement or property deed)
  • Criminal record certificate from country of nationality and any country of residence in the past 5 years, apostilled and translated into Portuguese
  • Portuguese NIF (tax identification number)
  • Portuguese NISS (social security number, required from 2025)
Application Process

The process has two stages. In the first stage, the applicant submits a residence visa application at the Portuguese consulate or embassy in their country of nationality or legal residence. Some consulates accept applications through the E-visa portal; others require in-person submission. Processing takes 30 to 60 days (up to 90 days at high-demand consulates). If approved, a 4-month residence visa with two entries is issued.

In the second stage, within 4 months of arriving in Portugal, the holder must attend an appointment at an AIMA Store to submit biometric data (fingerprints and photograph) and apply for the residence permit card. Before this appointment, the holder must register with the Portuguese Tax Authority to obtain a NIF and with Social Security to obtain a NISS. The residence permit card is typically issued within 2 to 6 weeks after the biometric appointment. Since February 2026, renewals can be submitted online via AIMA's renewal portal.

Fees
  • Consular visa fee: EUR 110
  • VFS Global service fee (where applicable): approximately EUR 40
  • AIMA residence permit: approximately EUR 170 total (EUR 85.05 processing fee + EUR 73.10 card fee)
  • Renewal fee: EUR 82
Family Members

Eligible dependants include a legally married spouse or partner in a documented stable union, minor children (under 18), dependent adult children (over 18, unmarried, in full-time education), and dependent parents (over 65 or economically dependent). Each accompanying adult requires additional income of EUR 460/month and each child EUR 276/month. Family members may apply simultaneously with the primary applicant or join later through family reunification (reagrupamento familiar). Dependants receive residence permits with the same validity as the primary applicant.

Tax Implications

Holders residing more than 183 days in Portugal become tax residents and are subject to Portuguese progressive income tax on worldwide income at rates from 14.5% to 48%. The former Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) tax regime ended for new applicants on 1 January 2024. The replacement IFICI regime generally does not cover digital nomads working for foreign entities.

Absence Rules

Residence permit holders must not be absent from Portugal for more than 6 consecutive months, or 8 non-consecutive months, within the validity period of the permit under Article 85 of Lei n.o 23/2007. Exceptions are permitted for professional, educational, medical, or urgent family reasons with prior notification to AIMA. Exceeding these limits may result in cancellation of the residence permit.

Employment Restrictions

Holders may only perform remote work for individuals or entities headquartered outside Portuguese territory. Local employment in Portugal is not permitted under this visa category.

Other Visa Programs in Europe

Country
Program
Income
Investment
Funds Required
Capital Required
Duration
Dependants
Citizenship
🇦🇱 Albania
Residence Permit for Pensioners
ALL 120,000 / month
1 year
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇦🇱 Albania
Residence Permit for Real Estate Owners
No minimum investment amo...
1 year
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇦🇱 Albania
Unique Permit for Digital Mobile Workers
No explicit statutory min...
1 year — 5 years
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇦🇱 Albania
Unique Permit for Investors
ALL 10,000,000 one-time
2 years — 3 years
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇦🇩 Andorra
Digital Nomad Residence Permit
$61,299 / year
2 years
Yes
🇦🇩 Andorra
Entrepreneur Residence Permit
1 year
Yes
🇦🇩 Andorra
Residence for Scientific, Cultural and Sporting Interest
$64,602 / year
2 years — 10 years
Yes
Yes
🇦🇩 Andorra
Residence Without Lucrative Activity
$1,176,471
2 years — 10 years
Yes
Yes
🇦🇹 Austria
Job Seeker Visa (Red-White-Red Card)
Must prove sufficient fun...
6 months
No
🇦🇹 Austria
Red-White-Red Card for Start-up Founders
$35,294
2 years — Permanent
Yes
🇦🇹 Austria
Settlement Permit — Artist
$18,480 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
🇦🇹 Austria
Settlement Permit Excluding Gainful Employment
$36,946 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇧🇾 Belarus
Hi-Tech Park Resident
No minimum capital invest...
1 year
Yes
🇧🇾 Belarus
Investor Permanent Residence Permit
$202,000
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇧🇪 Belgium
Professional Card for Entrepreneur
$26,868
1 year — 5 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇧🇪 Belgium
Rentier Residence Permit
$18,551 / year
1 year
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇧🇬 Bulgaria
Continuous Residence Permit for Pensioners
$8,753 / year
1 year
Yes
🇧🇬 Bulgaria
Digital Nomad Residence Permit
$36,482 / year
1 year — 2 years
Yes
Yes
🇧🇬 Bulgaria
Investor Residence Permit
$602,353
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇧🇬 Bulgaria
Startup Visa
$2,188
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇭🇷 Croatia
Temporary Stay for Other Purposes (Property Ownership)
$11,167 / year
1 year
Yes
🇭🇷 Croatia
Temporary Stay of Digital Nomads
$46,518 / year
1 month — 18 months
Yes
🇨🇾 Cyprus
Category D Immigration Permit
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇨🇾 Cyprus
Category F Immigration Permit
$11,266 / year
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇨🇾 Cyprus
Digital Nomad Visa
$49,412 / year
1 year — 3 years
Yes
No
🇨🇾 Cyprus
Permanent Residence Permit for Investors
$352,941
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇨🇾 Cyprus
Startup Visa
$23,529
3 years — 5 years
Yes
🇨🇿 Czech Republic
Digital Nomad Program
CZK 69,248 / month
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇨🇿 Czech Republic
Long-Term Residence Permit for the Purpose of Investment
CZK 75,000,000 one-time
2 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇪🇪 Estonia
Digital Nomad Visa
$63,529 / year
90 days — 1 year
Yes
No
🇪🇪 Estonia
Residence Permit for Major Investor
$1,176,471
5 years — 10 years
Yes
🇪🇪 Estonia
Startup Visa
1 year — 5 years
Yes
Yes
🇫🇮 Finland
Residence Permit for Work in Culture or Arts
$20,654 / year
1 year — 4 years
Yes
🇫🇮 Finland
Startup Residence Permit
2 years — 4 years
Yes
🇫🇷 France
Carte de Sejour Temporaire Visiteur
$20,373 / year
1 year
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇫🇷 France
Talent Porteur de Projet — Business Creation
$35,294
4 years
Yes
🇫🇷 France
Talent Porteur de Projet — Direct Economic Investment
$352,941
4 years
Yes
🇫🇷 France
Talent Porteur de Projet — Innovative Economic Project (French Tech Visa)
No minimum investment req...
4 years
Yes
🇫🇷 France
Talent — Artistic and Cultural Profession
$18,015 / year
4 years
Yes
🇫🇷 France
Talent — International Reputation
4 years
Yes
🇩🇪 Germany
Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte)
Must prove sufficient fun...
1 year
No
🇩🇪 Germany
Freelance Residence Permit
No fixed statutory minimu...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇩🇪 Germany
Residence Permit for Financially Independent Persons
No fixed statutory minimu...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇩🇪 Germany
Self-Employment Residence Permit for Business Founders
No fixed statutory minimu...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇩🇪 Germany
Settlement Permit for Highly Qualified Professionals
Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇬🇷 Greece
Digital Nomad Visa
$49,412 / year
1 year — 2 years
Yes
Yes
🇬🇷 Greece
Golden Visa (Permanent Residence Permit for Investor)
$470,588
5 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇬🇷 Greece
Residence Permit for Financially Independent Persons
$49,412 / year
3 years — Permanent
Yes
🇬🇷 Greece
Talent Visa
1 year
Yes
Yes (7yr)
🇬🇬 Guernsey
Guernsey Entrepreneur Visa
$273,973
2 years — 5 years
Yes
Yes
🇬🇬 Guernsey
Guernsey Investor Visa
$1,369,863
2 years — 5 years
Yes
Yes
🇭🇺 Hungary
Guest Investor Residence Permit
$294,118
10 years
Yes
Yes
🇭🇺 Hungary
Guest Self-Employment Residence Permit
No fixed capital requirem...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
Yes
🇭🇺 Hungary
White Card
$42,353 / year
1 year — 2 years
No
🇮🇸 Iceland
Long-Term Visa for Remote Work
ISK 1,000,000 / month
90 days — 180 days
Yes
No
🇮🇪 Ireland
Stamp 0 (Person of Independent Means)
$58,824 / year
1 year
No
No
🇮🇪 Ireland
Start-Up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP)
$58,824
2 years — 5 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇮🇲 Isle of Man
Innovator Visa
$68,493
3 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇮🇲 Isle of Man
Start-Up Visa
$1,295
2 years
Yes
No
🇮🇹 Italy
Digital Nomad Visa
$29,164 / year
1 year
Yes
🇮🇹 Italy
Elective Residence Visa
$36,471 / year
1 year — 2 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇮🇹 Italy
Investor Visa for Italy
$294,118
2 years — 3 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇮🇹 Italy
Italia Startup Visa
$58,824
1 year — 3 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇯🇪 Jersey
High Value Residency Programme
$4,794,521
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇽🇰 Kosovo
Self-Employment Work Permit
No fixed minimum capital....
1 year — 5 years
Yes
🇱🇻 Latvia
Investor Residence Permit
$58,824
5 years
Yes
Yes
🇱🇻 Latvia
Long-Stay Visa for Remote Work
$59,478 / year
1 year — 2 years
No
Yes
🇱🇻 Latvia
Startup Visa
$3,294
3 years
Yes
Yes
🇱🇻 Latvia
Temporary Residence Permit for Pensioners
$15,544 / year
5 years
Yes
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
Residence Permit Without Gainful Employment
CHF 100,000 / year
1 year
Yes
Yes
🇱🇹 Lithuania
Startup Visa
$1,176
1 year — 2 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
Investor Residence Permit
$588,235
3 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
Job Seeker Authorisation
Must prove sufficient res...
9 months
No
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
Residence Permit for Private Reasons
$38,174 / year
3 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
Self-Employed Worker Residence Permit
No fixed minimum — adequa...
3 years — 5 years
Yes
🇲🇹 Malta
Global Residence Programme
$17,647 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇲🇹 Malta
Malta Permanent Residence Programme
$80,000
Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇲🇹 Malta
Malta Retirement Programme
$8,824 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
No
🇲🇹 Malta
Nomad Residence Permit
$49,412 / year
1 year — 4 years
Yes
No
🇲🇹 Malta
Startup Residence Programme
$29,412
3 years — 8 years
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇲🇹 Malta
The Residence Programme
$17,647 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇲🇹 Malta
United Nations Pensions Programme
$11,765 / year
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇲🇩 Moldova
Digital Nomad Visa
$35,788 / year
2 years
Yes
Yes
🇲🇩 Moldova
Investment Residence Permit
$31,765
2 years — 8 years
Yes
Yes (8yr)
🇲🇨 Monaco
Residence Permit for Persons Without Professional Activity
No fixed minimum. Applica...
1 year — Permanent
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇲🇪 Montenegro
Digital Nomad Residence Permit
$28,376 / year
2 years — 4 years
Yes
Yes
🇲🇪 Montenegro
Temporary Residence and Work Permit for Entrepreneurs
No minimum capital requir...
1 year
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇲🇪 Montenegro
Temporary Residence Permit for Property Owners
$176,471
1 year
Yes
Yes
🇳🇱 Netherlands
Orientation Year Residence Permit
1 year
Yes
🇳🇱 Netherlands
Startup Residence Permit
$24,494 / month
1 year
Yes
🇲🇰 North Macedonia
Personal Work Permit for Self-Employment
No fixed minimum; must de...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
Yes (8yr)
🇳🇴 Norway
Self-Employment Residence Permit
No fixed capital requirem...
1 year
Yes
🇵🇹 Portugal
D7 Passive Income Visa
$12,988 / year
2 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇵🇹 Portugal
D8 Digital Nomad Visa
$51,953 / year
1 year
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇵🇹 Portugal
Digital Nomad Residence Permit
$51,953 / year
2 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇵🇹 Portugal
Golden Visa
$588,235
2 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇵🇹 Portugal
Job Seeker Visa
$10,729 / month
120 days — 180 days
No
🇵🇹 Portugal
Residence Permit for Highly Qualified Activity
$22,744 / year
2 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇵🇹 Portugal
StartUP Visa
$7,584
2 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇷🇴 Romania
Digital Nomad Visa
$79,765 / year
6 months — 1 year
No
🇷🇴 Romania
Long-Stay Visa for Commercial Activities
$117,647
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇷🇺 Russia
Impatriation Residence Permit
3 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇷🇺 Russia
Investor Residence Permit
RUB 15,000,000 one-time
Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇸🇲 San Marino
Atypical Residence for Pensioners
$141,176 / year
10 years — Permanent
Yes
🇸🇲 San Marino
Elective Residence
$588,235
10 years — Permanent
Yes
Yes (30yr)
🇸🇲 San Marino
High-Tech Startup Residence
$1
1 year — Permanent
Yes
🇷🇸 Serbia
Investor Temporary Residence Permit
$58,824
6 months — 3 years
Yes
Yes
🇷🇸 Serbia
Property Ownership Temporary Residence Permit
Ownership of residential ...
3 years
Yes
Yes
🇷🇸 Serbia
Startup Temporary Residence Permit
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇷🇸 Serbia
Talent Temporary Residence Permit
1 year — 3 years
Yes
🇸🇰 Slovakia
Temporary Residence for Business Purpose
$33,427
3 years
Yes
🇸🇮 Slovenia
Temporary Residence Permit for Digital Nomads
$45,487 / year
1 year
Yes
🇸🇮 Slovenia
Temporary Residence Permit for Other Justified Reasons
$6,974 / year
1 year
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇪🇸 Spain
Entrepreneur Visa
No fixed capital requirem...
1 year — 3 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇪🇸 Spain
International Telework Visa
$39,007 / year
1 year — 3 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇪🇸 Spain
Non-Lucrative Residence Visa
$33,882 / year
1 year — 2 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇸🇪 Sweden
Residence Permit for Job Seeking
Must prove sufficient fun...
9 months — 1 year
Yes
🇸🇪 Sweden
Residence Permit for Highly Qualified Persons
9 months
No
🇸🇪 Sweden
Self-Employment Residence Permit
SEK 200,000 one-time
1 year — 2 years
Yes
🇨🇭 Switzerland
Residence Permit Without Gainful Employment
CHF 25,200 / year
1 year — 5 years
Yes
Yes (10yr)
🇺🇦 Ukraine
Immigration Permit for Highly Qualified IT Specialists
Permanent
Yes
Yes (5yr)
🇺🇦 Ukraine
Immigration Permit for Investors
$100,000
Permanent
Yes
Yes
🇺🇦 Ukraine
Temporary Residence Permit for Investors
$117,647
2 years
No
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
Global Talent Visa
1 year — 5 years
Yes
Yes (4yr)
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
High Potential Individual Visa
2 years — 3 years
Yes
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
Innovator Founder Visa
No minimum investment req...
3 years — Permanent
Yes